A Field Exercise on Groundwater Flow Using Seepage Meters and Mini-piezometers

Lee, David R.; Cherry, John A.

doi:10.5408/0022-1368-27.1.6

Cited by 315 publications

(240 citation statements)

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“…This drop in efficiency (which can be between 15 and 40%) is largely a factor of design features of the meter, which cause resistance to fluid flow, and the lack of proper equilibration time of the meter in the lake sediments before arming with a seepage bag. Lee (1977) has also noted that silt sedimentation, disturbed during installation of the meter, may also cause reductions in efficiency. For the littoral meter installations used here, an average correction of 1.50 taken from Erickson's tank tests has been applied to seepage measurements, since the meter design closely approximates that used by Lee.…”

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eficiency factors Lee (1977), Erickson (198 I), and Cherkauer and McBride (1988) have all noted a drop in the ability of their meters to measure true seepage fluxes when tested in laboratory tank studies. This drop in efficiency (which can be between 15 and 40%) is largely a factor of design features of the meter, which cause resistance to fluid flow, and the lack of proper equilibration time of the meter in the lake sediments before arming with a seepage bag.…”

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Lee 1977). MSV is equal to the average sediment linear interstitial velocity times the sediment porosity expressed as a fraction.…”

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater seepage fluxes into the littoral zone of Alexander Lake were compared with fluxes for the rest of the nonlittoral portion of the lake by installing six seepage meters similar in design to the meter described by Lee ( 1977) in the northern and southern littoral zones of the lake (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several seepage meter designs have been proposed (e.g. Bouwer and Rice 1968;Zuber 1970;Lee 1977;Carr and Winter 1980;Cherkauer and McBride 1988), but the most reliable and cost effective have proven to be those which use an inverted container with a seepage bag mounted on its top to measure displacements into the container over a specified area of the lake bottom (Lee 1977;Lee and Cherry 1978). Most of these designs, however, can be used effectively only in shallowwater environments, such as the littoral zones of lakes and irrigation channels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Design of a seepage meter for measuring groundwater fluxes in the nonlittoral zones of lakes-Evaluation in a boreal forest lake

Boyle

1994

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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A lakebed seepage meter for measuring groundwater seepage rates in the nonlittoral zones of lakes was designed and field tested. Ease of installation and operation, sampling integrity, and year-round stability in ice-bound lake environments were the main factors governing design.The design of the meter incorporates a lake-bottom seepage meter connected by a flexible conduit hose to a sampling station -2 m below lake surface. The operation and design of the meter includes methods for minimizing and monitoring meter settlement, protecting meter components from trawling fishermen and nibbling fish (seepage bags), visually monitoring flux levels in seepage bags to determine optimum time for sampling, and easy detection by a small boat-mounted sonar unit.Results from a seepage meter survey in a small lake situated in complex glacial stratigraphy show that the system is effective in measuring very low flux rates and mapping complex inflow and outflow groundwater regimes in lake environments.

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Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Lee 1977). MSV is equal to the average sediment linear interstitial velocity times the sediment porosity expressed as a fraction.…”

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emplacement Of Seepage Metermentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of a seepage meter for measuring groundwater fluxes in the nonlittoral zones of lakes-Evaluation in a boreal forest lake

Boyle

1994

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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A six-year isotopic record of lake evaporation at a mine site in the Canadian subarctic: results and validation

Gibson¹,

Reid

Spence

1998

Hydrol. Process.

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Aquifer Recharge

Nimmo

Healy

Stonestrom

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Aquifer recharge is important both for hydrologic understanding and for effective water resource management. Temporal and spatial patterns of unsaturated-zone processes such as infiltration largely determine its magnitude. Many techniques of recharge estimation exist. Water budget methods estimate all terms in the continuity equation except recharge, which is calculated as the residual. Detailed hydrologic models based on water-budget principles can produce recharge estimates at various scales. Empirical methods relate recharge to meteorologic and geographic parameters for a specific location. Surface-water methods include stream-hydrograph analyses to estimate baseflow (groundwater discharge) at lower elevations in a watershed, which is taken to equal the recharge that has occurred at higher elevations. Subsurface methods include analysis of water-table fluctuations following transient recharge events, as well as diverse unsaturated-zone methods. The zero-flux plane method determines the recharge rate from the change in water storage beneath the zero-flux depth, a boundary between water moving upwards due to evapotranspiration and water moving downward due to gravity. Lysimeter methods use buried containers filled with vegetated soil to mimic natural conditions. Water exiting the bottom is considered to be recharge. Darcian methods for estimating flux densities use unsaturated hydraulic conductivities and potential gradients, indicating recharge rates under appropriate conditions. Chemical mass-balance methods use conservative tracers that move with recharging water. Tracer concentrations in deep unsaturated-zone water, together with tracer input rates, indicate recharge rates. Distinct chemical "markers" can indicate travel times, hence, recharge rates. Thermal methods use heat as a tracer. Moving water perturbs temperature profiles, allowing recharge estimation. Geophysical methods estimate recharge based on water-content dependence of gravitational, seismic, and electromagnetic properties of earth materials.

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A Field Exercise on Groundwater Flow Using Seepage Meters and Mini-piezometers

Cited by 315 publications

References 0 publications

Design of a seepage meter for measuring groundwater fluxes in the nonlittoral zones of lakes-Evaluation in a boreal forest lake

Design of a seepage meter for measuring groundwater fluxes in the nonlittoral zones of lakes-Evaluation in a boreal forest lake

A six-year isotopic record of lake evaporation at a mine site in the Canadian subarctic: results and validation

Aquifer Recharge

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