A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF <i>FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS </i>

Lentz, Thomas L.; Trinkaus, John Philip

doi:10.1083/jcb.32.1.121

Cited by 87 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nevertheless, as pinocytic or phagocytic vacuoles were not observed close to the microvilli, we could infer that the nutritive material passes through the plasmatic membrane as small molecules, as reported by Lentz & Trinkaus (1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Regarding the importance of YSL in the yolk incorporation by P. lineatus embryos, the presence of microvilli in its upper part and the membrane projections between the yolk globules, as well as the lack of yolk globules close to the blastoderm, suggest that the vitelline material is degraded by hydrolytic enzymes, as reported by Lentz & Trinkaus (1967), and then transferred to the blastoderm (Walzer & Schönenberger, 1979). Nevertheless, as pinocytic or phagocytic vacuoles were not observed close to the microvilli, we could infer that the nutritive material passes through the plasmatic membrane as small molecules, as reported by Lentz & Trinkaus (1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the yolk syncytial layer inProchilodus lineatus(Valenciennes, 1836) (Teleostei; Prochilodontidae)

Ninhaus‐Silveira

Foresti

Azevedo

et al. 2007

Zygote

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SummaryThe yolk syncytial layer (YSL) has been regarded as one of the main obstacles for a successful cryopreservation of fish embryos. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize the YSL in Prochilodus lineatus, a fish species found in southeastern Brazil and considered a very important fishery resource. Embryos were obtained through artificial breeding by hormonal induction. After fertilization, the eggs were incubated in vertical incubators with a controlled temperature (28• C). Embryos were collected in several periods of development up to hatching and then fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde and 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3). Morphological analyses were carried out under either light, transmission or scanning electron microscopy. The formation of the YSL in P. lineatus embryos starts at the end of the cleavage stage (morula), mainly at the margin of the blastoderm, and develops along the embryo finally covering the entire yolk mass (late gastrula) and producing a distinct intermediate zone between the yolk and the endodermal cells. The YSL was characterized by the presence of microvilli on the contact region with the yolk endoderm. A cytoplasmic mass, full of mitochondria, vacuoles, ribosomes, endomembrane nets and euchromatic nuclei, indicated a high metabolic activity. This layer is shown as an interface between the yolk and the embryo cells that, besides sustaining and separating the yolk, acts as a structure that makes it available for the embryo. The structural analyses identified no possible barriers to cryoprotectant penetration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the yolk syncytial layer inProchilodus lineatus(Valenciennes, 1836) (Teleostei; Prochilodontidae)

Ninhaus‐Silveira

Foresti

Azevedo

et al. 2007

Zygote

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“…the corn snake Elaphae guttata (Meyer and Nagl, 1993), rat trophoblast cells (Nagl, 1972), and human trophoblast cells (Sarto et al, 1982). The role of the syncytium is as yet unclear but it is believed to play an important role in yolk metabolism (Lentz and Trinkaus, 1967) and possibly a role in patterning (Driever, 1995). Somatic polyploidization can be envisaged as an aspect in development that allows rapid differentiation and high transcriptional activity (Nagl, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High transgene activity in the yolk syncytial layer affects quantitative transient expression assays in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

Williams

Müller

Lavender

et al. 1996

Transgenic Research

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For the purpose of studying the factors that cause wide variation in transient transgene expression in individual fish, a lacZ reporter gene linked to a carp beta-actin regulatory sequence was introduced into zebrafish embryos. As a general trend, a correlation between the number of transgene copies injected and the level of transgene expression was found. However, a substantial variation in the level of expression still occurred that could not be attributed to technical factors such as the difference in injected volume of the transgene. Co-injection of 32P-dCTP and transgene into the same embryo followed by detection of beta-galactosidase activity, has shown that the volume used for transgene injection, which was determined in terms of radioactivity, is not closely related to the level and location of transgene expression. Injection into the animal pole at zygote stage and the yolk cytoplasmic layer (YCL) at the 64-cell stage followed by determination of transgene expression in terms of unit injection volume, revealed that there are marked differences among tissues with regard to their capacity for transgene expression, and that the yolk syncytial layer is higher in this capacity. This high activity is assumed to be due to the high transcriptional activity or enhanced transgene replication in the syncytial layer, which is known to contain giant polyploid nuclei. The high levels of expression in the YSL may influence transient expression studies using quantitative comparative analyses and should be taken into consideration when expression data are derived from homogenates of yolk sac embryos.

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“…The periblast is necessary for hydrolysis of yolk material and the transfer of nutrients from the yolk cell to the embryonic blastoderm and larval tissues. The periblast can participate in resorption and/or digestion of yolk, during embryogenesis and development, because of the presence of enzymatic activities (Lentz and Trinkaus 1967, Walzer and Schönemberger 1979, Sarasquete et al 1996. The extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer and embryonic germ layer progenitor cells interact to coordinate the movements required for proper cell fate specification and tissue morphogenesis.…”

Section: General Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphohistological and histochemical study of hatchery-reared European hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), during the lecitho-exotrophic larval phase

Ortiz-Delgado¹,

Iglesias²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2012

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY:The larval development of reared European hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), during the lecithotrophic phase, from hatching until 5 days post-hatching (dph), and throughout the endo-exotrophic feeding phase (6-10 dph) was studied by histology and histochemistry. Many crucial morphological, cellular and tissular changes were observed during both feeding phases, mostly those related to digestive and visual ontogenetic events, such as differentiation of buccopharyngeal cavity and eye development (at hatching); pigmentation and differentiation of cone-photoreceptors (4 dph); opening of the mouth and anus, appearance of intestinal valves (5-6 dph); presence of buccopharyngo-esophageal (5-6 dph) and intestinal (9 dph) mucous cells; folding of intestinal mucosa (6 dph); development of regional specific digestive musculature (6 dph); typical structure and functionality of the liver (sinusoids, biliary and pancreatic ducts, glycogen, protein and lipid reserves) (4-6 dph); and characteristic acinar distribution pattern of eosinophilic zymogen granules of the exocrine pancreas (6 dph). Between 9 and 10 dph, the hake larvae showed evident signs of lipid absorption within enterocytes of the anterior intestinal region and a remarkable process of pynocitosis and intracellular digestion was detected in the posterior intestine (supranuclear inclusions or acidophilic protein vesicles). In hake larvae at 10 dph, a proliferation of renal tubules, spleen differentiation and gill development, as well as the presence of the first thyroid follicle, were clearly distinguished. At this time, stomach gastric gland differentiation was not detected and endocrine pancreas and gill lamellae were not evidenced. However, and interestingly, swim bladder and eyes (developing rods) were well differentiated in larval development from 9 dph onwards. In summary, in European hake larval development during the endo-exogenous feeding phase and especially at 9 to 10 dph, most systems, organs and tissues were well differentiated. Particularly, digestive and visual systems were developed and physiologically functional some days before the start of the exogenous feeding phase.Keywords: European hake, Merluccius merluccius, larvae, histology, histochemistry, ontogeny, yolk sac, endo-exotrophic feeding, visual acuity. RESUMEN:Estudio morfohistológico e histoquímico de larvas cultivadas de merluza europea, Merluccius Merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758), durante la fase lecito-exotrófica. -Se ha realizado un estudio histológico e histoquími-co del desarrollo larvario de la merluza europea, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) durante la fase lecitotrófica, desde la eclosión hasta los 5 días post-eclosión -dpe-, y en la fase endo-exotrófica (larvas de 6-10 dpe). Durante ambas fases alimentarias se han observado importantes cambios morfológicos, celulares y tisulares, principalmente aquellos relacionados con la ontogenia digestiva y visual, tales como: la diferenciación de la cavidad bucofaríngea y desarrollo y diferenciación ocular (en el momento de...

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A FINE STRUCTURAL STUDY OF CYTODIFFERENTIATION DURING CLEAVAGE, BLASTULA, AND GASTRULA STAGES OF FUNDULUS HETEROCLITUS

Cited by 87 publications

References 42 publications

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the yolk syncytial layer inProchilodus lineatus(Valenciennes, 1836) (Teleostei; Prochilodontidae)

Structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the yolk syncytial layer inProchilodus lineatus(Valenciennes, 1836) (Teleostei; Prochilodontidae)

High transgene activity in the yolk syncytial layer affects quantitative transient expression assays in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

A morphohistological and histochemical study of hatchery-reared European hake, <i>Merluccius merluccius</i> (Linnaeus, 1758), during the lecitho-exotrophic larval phase

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