A First-in-Human Phase I Study of BXQ-350, a First-in-Class Sphingolipid Metabolism Regulator, in Patients with Advanced/Recurrent Solid Tumors or High-Grade Gliomas

Abstract

Purpose: BXQ-350, a nanovesicle formulation of Saposin C, is an allosteric sphingolipid metabolism regulator that increases pro-apoptotic ceramide and decreases oncogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels. We conducted a first-in-human, phase 1 study of BXQ-350. Patients and Methods: Adults (≥18 years old) with advanced/recurrent, treatment-refractory solid tumors or high-grade gliomas received BXQ-350 intravenously in five dose cohorts (0.7-2.4 mg/kg) in a 3+3 dose-escalation and expansion design. Primary endpoints during dose escalation were dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD); primary objective in expansion parts was assessment of anti-tumor activity (RECIST v1.1/RANO criteria). Results: Eighty-six patients were enrolled. DLTs were not observed during dose escalation (n=18), and a MTD was not identified. An additional 68 patients received the 2.4 mg/kg dose. Nine patients (10%) discontinued due to adverse events (AEs). The most common treatment-related AEs were nausea (24%) and fatigue (23%). Eight patients had a progression-free survival (PFS) ≥6 months. Two of these achieved a partial response, and six had stable disease, among whom three had a reduction in ≥1 target lesion. Of those with PFS ≥6 months, seven remained on study for >12 months, five for >24 months, and after seven years, two remained on study without disease progression. Conclusions: BXQ-350 was well tolerated as monotherapy at doses up to 2.4 mg/kg. It provided some lasting clinical benefit in patients with recurrent solid malignancies across several tumor types, consistent with a decreased systemic S1P/ceramide metabolic rheostat. BXQ-350 warrants further clinical investigation alone and combined with standard-of-care for advanced solid tumors.