A five-year retrospective study shows increasing rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Cabo Verde for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Monteiro, Tamar; Wysocka, Magdalena; Tellez, Elena; Monteiro, Ofelia; Spencer, Luzia; Veiga, Elisa; Monteiro, Sandra M.; Pina, Carine; Gonçalves, Deisy; Ludgero-Correia, Antonio; Conceição, Teresa; Aires-de-Sousa, Marta; Lencastre, Hermı́nia de; Gray, Laura J.; Pareek, Manish; Moreno, João Manuel Lopes; Beleza, Sandra; Oggioni, Marco; Araújo, Isabel M.

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2020.04.002

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition, the E. coli 1 and E. coli 2 strains were both resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim, whereas only E. coli 1 was resistant to cefazoline and ceftriaxone. This result is consistent with that obtained by various authors on the resistance of clinical strains to antibiotics [33][34][35]. The problem of antibiotic resistance exists worldwide and affects all sectors that use antibiotics [34].…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Bacteria To Antibioticssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This result is consistent with that obtained by various authors on the resistance of clinical strains to antibiotics [33][34][35]. The problem of antibiotic resistance exists worldwide and affects all sectors that use antibiotics [34]. Various means have been implemented in recent years to provide effective solutions to this problem, and the studies carried out target bacteria that are resistant or not.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Bacteria To Antibioticssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: The gradual loss of efficacy of conventional antibiotics is a global issue. Plant material extracts and green-synthesized nanoparticles are among the most promising options to address this problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of grapefruit peels as well as their inclusion in green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Materials and Methods: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts (80% v/v) were prepared, and the volume and mass yields were determined. The synthesis of AgNPs was done in an eco-friendly manner using AgNO3 as a precursor. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–vis spectrometry and photon cross-correlation spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested on three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, clinical Enterococcus faecalis, and S. aureus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (two clinical Escherichia coli) using various concentrations of extracts (100, 50, 25, 12, and 5 mg/mL and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide as negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the microdilution method. Modulation of cefazoline and ampicillin on resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains was added to the mixture design response surface methodology with extreme vertices design, with the diameters of inhibition and the fractional inhibitory concentration index as responses and factors, respectively. The antibiotic, the ethanolic extract, and water varied from 0.1 MIC to 0.9 MIC for the first two and from 0 to 0.8 in proportion for the third. Validating the models was done by calculating the absolute average deviation, bias factor, and accuracy factor. Results: The volume yield of the EE and aqueous extract (AE) was 96.2% and 93.8% (v/v), respectively, whereas their mass yields were 7.84% and 9.41% (m/m), respectively. The synthesized AgNPs were very uniform and homogeneous, and their size was dependent on the concentration of AgNO3. The antibacterial activity of the two extracts was dose-dependent, and the largest inhibition diameter was observed for the Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus ATCC 6538; AE, 12; EE, 16), whereas AgNPs had a greater effect on Gram-negative bacteria. The MICs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 3.125 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 12.5 (E. coli 1 and E. coli 2), whereas the MICs of the EEs varied from 1.5625 (S. aureus 1, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and E. faecalis) to 6.25 (E. coli 1). There was a significant difference between the MICs of AEs and EEs (p=0.014). The MBCs (mg/mL) of the AEs varied from 12.5 (S. aureus ATCC 6538) to 50 (S. aureus 1), whereas those of the EEs varied from 6.25 (S. aureus 1) to 25 (E. coli 1 and E. faecalis). Ethanolic grapefruit extracts demonstrated an ability to modulate cefazolin on E. coli and S. aureus but were completely indifferent to ampicillin on E. coli. Conclusion: Grapefruit peel extracts and their AgNPs exhibit antibacterial properties that can be exploited for the synthesis of new antimicrobials and their EEs may be efficiently used synergistically with other antibiotics against bacteria with intermediate susceptibility.

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Section: Sensitivity Of Bacteria To Antibioticssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Sensitivity Of Bacteria To Antibioticssupporting

confidence: 91%

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…The single ermT -positive isolate belonged to ST398, which corroborates the description of ermT as one of the markers defining the human clade of ST398 [40] . The average tetracycline resistance in these carriage isolates is lower than in clinical isolates from Cape Verde [41] as well as isolates from other countries of the region including São Tomé and Príncipe [41] , [42] , [43] . It should be noted that all our tetracycline resistance was detected in MSSA, which differs from the scenario in neighbouring countries [4] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The mecA gene was detected in seven S. aureus isolates, of which four MRSA ST5-VI were recovered from HCWs, evidencing a recent transmission event and suggesting that HCWs could represent reservoirs of this MRSA lineage. A recent 5-year survey of susceptibility profiles in clinical S. aureus isolates in the two Cape Verde hospitals included in this work identified a significant increase of MRSA prevalence between 2013 and 2017, with most MRSA isolates being also erythromycin-resistant; however, the extent of MRSA ST5-VI clonal lineage could not be identified [41] . On the other hand, the apparent maintenance of erythromycin resistance suggests that this MRSA ST5-VI clonal lineage identified in carriage isolates could represent the precursor lineage for MRSA clones emerging in the clinical setting in Cape Verde.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Whole-genome analysis uncovers loss of blaZ associated with carriage isolates belonging to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone ST5-VI in Cape Verde

Wysocka

Monteiro

Pina

et al. 2021

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance

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Highlights One of the first whole genome analyses of Staphylococcus aureus carriage isolates in an African country. Genome data allowed to place S. aureus isolates from Cape Verde in a phylogenetic context. Loss of blaZ -carrying plasmids and transposons is not rare, which is also evident in other international MRSA isolates. Steady increase in antimicrobial drug resistance in Cape Verde. Data provide genomic information for the design of intervention measures to decrease antimicrobial resistance.

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“…12 The situation is further complicated by drug resistance in common pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and antibiotic-resistant infections are increasing globally at an alarming rate. 13 Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are estimated to cause at least 2 million infections and 23,000 deaths per year in the US, incurring costs of $55-70 billion. 14 Moreover, patients with infections associated with orthopaedic implants are reported to have worse clinical outcomes when the infection is caused by antibiotic-resistant compared to antibiotic-sensitive bacteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in implant surface modifications to improve osseointegration

Zhu

Wang

2021

Mater. Adv.

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A five-year retrospective study shows increasing rates of antimicrobial drug resistance in Cabo Verde for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

Antibacterial activity of grapefruit peel extracts and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles

Whole-genome analysis uncovers loss of blaZ associated with carriage isolates belonging to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone ST5-VI in Cape Verde

Advances in implant surface modifications to improve osseointegration

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