A Flexible Metamaterial Based Printed Antenna for Wearable Biomedical Applications

Al-Adhami, Ammar; Erçelebi, Ergün

doi:10.3390/s21237960

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This provides lower SAR value of 0.25 W/Kg and 0.33 W/Kg for MICS (Medical Implant Communication System) and wireless application respectively. The obtained SAR value is well below the standard SAR value of 1.6 W/Kg [47]. ACS feeding technique is applied to enhance the bandwidth and cover less area which makes the antenna to be compact.…”

Section: Impacts On Feeding Techniques and Antenna Geometrymentioning

confidence: 86%

Flexible and Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Application: Progress and Opportunity

Sharon Giftsy,

Kommuri,

Dwivedi

2024

IEEE Access

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In recent years, wearable antenna demand in biomedical applications has increased drastically. Several effective techniques and efficient structures of antenna were proposed to overcome the challenges with respect to the vicinity of the human body. In this paper, substrate and conductive material for the wearable antenna are reviewed thoroughly to ensure that it operates consistently and with flexibility. The design of wearable antennas becomes challenging when flexible substrates are examined, better conductive materials are employed during manufacturing processes and the issue exists in body-worn implementation.To address these issues in this paper, exhaustive literature is carried out based on validated characteristics such as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), gain, and bandwidth by employing radiating structure, feed, ground, and slot optimization. Effective topologies for gain enhancement, bandwidth enhancement, and SAR reduction for various wearable antenna designs on biomedical applications were reviewed through qualitative study. This extensive study on flexible and wearable technology explores the various problems and challenges involved while designing suitable antennas are discussed. This review paper also highlights the advancements in 5G technology, applications on ISM band and IOT, with particular emphasis on wearable antennas and their potential applications in the biomedical field.INDEX TERMS Wearable antenna, SAR reduction, gain enhancement and bandwidth enhancement.

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Section: Impacts On Feeding Techniques and Antenna Geometrymentioning

confidence: 86%

Flexible and Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Application: Progress and Opportunity

Sharon Giftsy,

Kommuri,

Dwivedi

2024

IEEE Access

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“…Furthermore, multifunctional antennas like bandwidth-enhanced and reconfigurable antennas [11][12][13][14][15] are in keen demand. In particular, in wearable electronic [16], antennas are expected to be stretchable in the presence of motion and deformation. Therefore, flexible stretchable antennas with high transmission have good prospects for development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Transparent Flexible Antenna Based on Liquid Metal Mesh Film

Qin

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engine

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In this paper, a convenient process for the fabrication of flexible liquid metal mesh films (LMMF) is proposed first. Then, the light transmittance and square resistance characteristics of LMMF are studied theoretically and experimentally. The light transmittance of the LMMF can reach 85% when the line width and spacing are 50 μm and 1000 μm, respectively. Furthermore, as an example of LMMF, a coplanar waveguide loop antenna is designed and fabricated that contains an LMMF with a line width of 50 μm and a line spacing of 500 μm. The measured square resistance and transmittance for the LMMF are 0.0456 Ω/sq and 72%, respectively. The measured peak gain of the antenna is 3.38 dBi while the average efficiency is 61%. The antenna’s working frequency covers most of the S-band, C-band, and X-band, as well as multiple channels of fifth generation (5G) communication. Therefore, the antenna can be used in fields such as radar and mobile communication. Uniquely, the fabricated antenna performs well in terms of light transmission, conductivity, and flexibility. In particular, it remains stable in stretching and bending deformation. As a highly light-transmissive stretchable flexible antenna, the antenna is equipped with various functions such as concealability, conformability, and reconfigurability. This LMMF-based antenna has good prospects for applications in the fields of flexible electronics and transparent electronics.

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“…The antenna size has been reduced by employing various open-ended or short-ended stubs and slots into radiating structures. Nevertheless, it increases the structural complexity, which results in fabrication issues [ 13 ]. Recent work shows the utilization of several types of elastic materials for the design of conformal antennas that are not limited to textile materials, including jeans, conductive textile–polymer composites, and polydimethylsiloxane polymer [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Frequency-Reconfigurable Filtenna for GSM, 4G-LTE, ISM, and 5G Sub-6 GHz Band Applications

Awan

Hussain

Kim

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This paper presents the design and realization of a flexible and frequency-reconfigurable antenna with harmonic suppression for multiple wireless applications. The antenna structure is derived from a quarter-wave monopole by etching slots. Afterward, the high-order unwanted harmonics are eliminated by adding a filtering stub to the feedline to avoid signal interference. Lastly, frequency reconfigurability is achieved using pin diodes by connecting and disconnecting the stubs and the rectangular patch. The antenna is fabricated on the commercially available thin (0.254 mm) conformal substrate of Rogers RT5880. The proposed antenna resonates (|S11| < –10 dB) at five different reconfigurable bands of 3.5 GHz (3.17–3.82 GHz), 2.45 GHz (2.27–2.64 GHz), 2.1 GHz (2.02–2.29 GHz), 1.9 GHz (1.81–2.05 GHz), and 1.8 GHz (1.66–1.93 GHz), which are globally used for 5G sub-6 GHz in industrial, medical, and scientific (ISM) bands, 4G long-term evolution (LTE) bands, and global system for mobile communication (GSM) bands. The simulated and measured results show that the antenna offers excellent performance in terms of good impedance matching with controllable resonant bands, high gain (>2 dBi), stable radiation patterns, and efficiency (>87%). Moreover, the conformal analysis shows that the antenna retains its performance both in flat and bending conditions, making it suitable for flexible electronics. In addition, the antenna is compared with the state-of-the-art works for similar applications to show its potential for the targeted band spectrums.

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A Flexible Metamaterial Based Printed Antenna for Wearable Biomedical Applications

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Flexible and Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Application: Progress and Opportunity

Flexible and Wearable Antenna for Biomedical Application: Progress and Opportunity

A Highly Transparent Flexible Antenna Based on Liquid Metal Mesh Film

A Frequency-Reconfigurable Filtenna for GSM, 4G-LTE, ISM, and 5G Sub-6 GHz Band Applications

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