A Focus on The Genotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles

Wang, Yadong; Zhang, Hongsheng; Shi, Li; Xu, Jie; Duan, Guangcai; Yang, Haiyan

doi:10.2217/nnm-2019-0364

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Different types of micronuclei assays, such as cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay, and buccal micronucleus assay are considered for the assessment of NMs genotoxicity. The comet assay (CA), also known as single-cell gel electrophoresis (SSGE), is widely used for the assessment of AuNPs' genotoxicity by measuring DNA damage in eukaryotic and some prokaryotic cells [94]. The technique uses cells that are suspended in a thin agarose gel on a microscope slide.…”

Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Medicine Agency (EMA) issued a guidance, and recommended standard genetic toxicology assays, both in vitro and in vivo, to determine the carcinogenic effects of pharmaceuticals [127]. Based on this recommendation, genotoxicity and mutagenicity may be assessed by the micronucleus test and comet assay, which are suitable to evaluate DNA damage [94,127]. Although these methods are not yet validated, authorities such as the EFSA promote them.…”

Section: Genotoxicity and Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

Kus‐Liśkiewicz

Fickers

Tahar

2021

IJMS

161

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Recent advances in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs), and more specifically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have led to tremendous expansion of their potential applications in different fields, ranging from healthcare research to microelectronics and food packaging. The properties of functionalised MeNPs can be fine-tuned depending on their final application, and subsequently, these properties can strongly modulate their biological effects. In this review, we will firstly focus on the impact of MeNP characteristics (particularly of gold nanoparticles, AuNPs) such as shape, size, and aggregation on their biological activities. Moreover, we will detail different in vitro and in vivo assays to be performed when cytotoxicity and biocompatibility must be assessed. Due to the complex nature of nanomaterials, conflicting studies have led to different views on their safety, and it is clear that the definition of a standard biosafety label for AuNPs is difficult. In fact, AuNPs’ biocompatibility is strongly affected by the nanoparticles’ intrinsic characteristics, biological target, and methodology employed to evaluate their toxicity. In the last part of this review, the current legislation and requirements established by regulatory authorities, defining the main guidelines and standards to characterise new nanomaterials, will also be discussed, as this aspect has not been reviewed recently. It is clear that the lack of well-established safety regulations based on reliable, robust, and universal methodologies has hampered the development of MeNP applications in the healthcare field. Henceforth, the international community must make an effort to adopt specific and standard protocols for characterisation of these products.

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Section: Immunotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotoxicity and Mutagenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

Kus‐Liśkiewicz

Fickers

Tahar

2021

IJMS

161

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“…This confirms the fact that AuNPs of size 50 nm possess the correct dimension to be easily internalized within the cell but without entering the nucleus and potentially causing genotoxicity. 30 , 39 , 40 Following the addition of NH 3 , shrinkage of the cell began to occur, as observed from Figure 2 b. Indeed, the vesicles containing AuNPs started to gather and move close to the nucleus, in concomitance with the cell shrinkage process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Ammonia Toxicity and Associated Protein Oxidation: A Single-Cell Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study

Redolfi-Bristol,

Mangiameli,

Yamamoto

et al. 2023

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a commonly used industrial chemical to which exposure at high concentrations can result in severe skin damage. Moreover, high levels of ammonia in the human body can lead to hyperammonemia conditions and enhanced cancer metabolism. In this work, the toxicity mechanism of NH 3 has been studied against human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For this purpose, gold nanoparticles of size 50 nm have been prepared and used as probes for Raman signal enhancement, after being internalized inside HDF cells. Following the exposure to ammonia, HDF cells showed a significant variation in the protein ternary structure's signals, demonstrating their denaturation and oxidation process, together with early signs of apoptosis. Meaningful changes were observed especially in the Raman vibrations of sulfurcontaining amino acids (cysteine and methionine) together with aromatic residues. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cells, which confirmed their stressed condition and to whom the causes of protein degradation can be attributed. These findings can provide new insights into the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and protein oxidation at a single-cell level, demonstrating the high potential of the SERS technique in investigating the cellular response to toxic compounds.

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“…Several studies have shown that zebrafish are a promising animal model for assessing NP toxicity due to their many advantageous characteristics, including a short lifespan and high reproductive capacity [33]. Various studies exhibited diverse reactions, and disparities among them can be attributed to various factors such as variations in the tested materials' characteristics (such as particle size and surface coating), discrepancies in NP concentrations, the use of different cell models, variations in testing protocols, discrepancies in genotoxicity endpoints, and differences in exposure durations [34].…”

Section: Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish Insights into Nanomaterial Toxicity: A Focused Exploration on Metallic, Metal Oxide, Semiconductor, and Mixed-Metal Nanoparticles

Mutalik,

Nivedita,

Sneka

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Nanomaterials are widely used in various fields, and ongoing research is focused on developing safe and sustainable nanomaterials. Using zebrafish as a model organism for studying the potentially toxic effects of nanomaterials highlights the importance of developing safe and sustainable nanomaterials. Studies conducted on nanomaterials and their toxicity and potential risks to human and environmental health are vital in biomedical sciences. In the present review, we discuss the potential toxicity of nanomaterials (inorganic and organic) and exposure risks based on size, shape, and concentration. The review further explores various types of nanomaterials and their impacts on zebrafish at different levels, indicating that exposure to nanomaterials can lead to developmental defects, changes in gene expressions, and various toxicities. The review also covers the importance of considering natural organic matter and chorion membranes in standardized nanotoxicity testing. While some nanomaterials are biologically compatible, metal and semiconductor nanomaterials that enter the water environment can increase toxicity to aquatic creatures and can potentially accumulate in the human body. Further investigations are necessary to assess the safety of nanomaterials and their impacts on the environment and human health.

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A Focus on The Genotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract: The comet assay is very simple and cost efficient, and is relatively sensitive for screening the genotoxicity of Au-NPs in in vitro and in vivo test systems. "

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

Biocompatibility and Cytotoxicity of Gold Nanoparticles: Recent Advances in Methodologies and Regulations

Ammonia Toxicity and Associated Protein Oxidation: A Single-Cell Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study

Zebrafish Insights into Nanomaterial Toxicity: A Focused Exploration on Metallic, Metal Oxide, Semiconductor, and Mixed-Metal Nanoparticles

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