A Fossil Bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese Amber

Poinar, George; Danforth, Bryan N.

doi:10.1126/science.1134103

Cited by 99 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A total of five different ages were used to calibrate our molecular clock trees (indicated by letters in Fig. 1): A, maximum root age (80-100 My, based on oldest stem bee fossil (Poinar and Danforth, 2006) and molecular clock analysis done by Hines (2008)); B, Cretotrigona prisca (65-70 My, Michener and Grimaldi, 1988;Engel, 2000) used as a minimum age calibration; C, Euglossa moronei (15-20 My, Engel, 1999b) used as a minimum age calibration; D Apis lithohermaea (14-16 My, Engel, 2006) used as a minimum age calibration; and E, Proplebeia dominicana (15-20 My, Wille and Chandler, 1964;Camargo et al, 2000) used as a minimum age calibration. Although the age of C. prisca has been the subject of controversy (Michener and Grimaldi, 1988;Engel, 2000), this fossil exhibits synapomorphic characters that unambiguously place it within crown Meliponini.…”

Section: Divergence Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular phylogeny of the stingless bee genus Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Ramírez

Nieh

Quental

et al. 2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Divergence Time Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular phylogeny of the stingless bee genus Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Ramírez

Nieh

Quental

et al. 2010

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…The oldest described fossil bee, Melittosphex burmensis, is from Burmese amber estimated to be 100 -110 Myr (million years old) [39,42]. This bee appears to be morphologically intermediate between bees and crabronid wasps (the putative sister group to bees), and does not seem to belong to any extant family of bees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic analyses using molecular data or combining morphological and molecular data have elucidated relationships within and among many bee lineages (reviewed in [33]). In addition, numerous bee fossils have now been recovered and described [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bees diversified in the age of eudicots

2013

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Reliable estimates on the ages of the major bee clades are needed to further understand the evolutionary history of bees and their close association with flowering plants. Divergence times have been estimated for a few groups of bees, but no study has yet provided estimates for all major bee lineages. To date the origin of bees and their major clades, we first perform a phylogenetic analysis of bees including representatives from every extant family, subfamily and almost all tribes, using sequence data from seven genes. We then use this phylogeny to place 14 time calibration points based on information from the fossil record for an uncorrelated relaxed clock divergence time analysis taking into account uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships and the fossil record. We explore the effect of placing a hard upper age bound near the root of the tree and the effect of different topologies on our divergence time estimates. We estimate that crown bees originated approximately 123 Ma (million years ago) (113-132 Ma), concurrently with the origin or diversification of the eudicots, a group comprising 75 per cent of angiosperm species. All of the major bee clades are estimated to have originated during the Middle to Late Cretaceous, which is when angiosperms became the dominant group of land plants.

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“…Les premières plantes à fleurs dotées de nectaires floraux sont apparues au cours du Crétacé il y a environ 100 millions d'années (Friis et al, 2011), période qui correspond également à celle de l'apparition et de la diversification des abeilles (Poinar et Danforth, 2006 ;Michez et al, 2012 ;Branstetter et al, 2017), principal groupe d'animaux pollinisateurs de ces plantes, qui laisse supposer une co-radiation évolutive passée entre ces deux groupes (Michez et al, 2012 ;Cappellari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Origine éVolutive Des Nectaires Florauxunclassified

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

Chabert¹,

Lemoine²,

Fronteau³

et al. 2017

OCL

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Reçu le 5 octobre 2017 -Accepté le 7 novembre 2017Résumé -Au cours de l'histoire évolutive des plantes à fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les coûts de la pollinisation animale liés à la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaître le niveau de sécrétion nectarifère des lignées en présence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle stérile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des méthodes qui existent pour mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de sécrétion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de sécrétion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignées de colza d'hiver (Brassica napus L.), la variété hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la sécrétion nectarifère du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6-8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette sécrétion admet une température optimale se situant entre 20°C et 30°C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport à la lignée F1. Ces résultats permettent de proposer une méthode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la sécrétion nectarifère entre lignées ou variétés. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantité totale de nectar sécrétée par une surface donnée de culture.Mots clés : méthode / sécrétion nectarifère / colza / semence hybride / température Abstract -Measuring nectar secretion: the example of an F1 hybrid and its male sterile parent in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). During the evolutionary history of flowering plants, the appearance of floral nectaries allowed the replacement of pollen by nectar to attract pollinators, allowing lower costs involved in animal pollination by reducing the consumption of pollen. In the hybrid seed productions of entomophilous crops, knowing the levels of nectar secretion of the different lines, the male fertile (MF) and the male sterile (MS) ones, is important to maximize pollen transfers between them. In this study, we start with a review of current methods used to measure nectar secretion, and choose the one that provides a gross secretion rate in order to use it on two winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) lines, the hybrid F1 'Exocet' and its MS parent. We show that oilseed rape has a gross nectar secretion rate that is constant over a period of 6-8 hours during daylight hours, that it has a thermal optimum included between 20°C and 30°C, and that the parental MS line secretes about half as much as the hybrid F1 one. These results enable us to propose a rigorous method to compare nectar secretions between lines and varieties. We conclude with the main other variables that should be taken into account to estimate the total amount of nectar produced by a given area of crop.

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A Fossil Bee from Early Cretaceous Burmese Amber

Cited by 99 publications

References 3 publications

A molecular phylogeny of the stingless bee genus Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

A molecular phylogeny of the stingless bee genus Melipona (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Bees diversified in the age of eudicots

Mesurer la sécrétion nectarifère : exemple d'une lignée hybride F1 et de son parent mâle stérile chez le colza d'hiver (Brassica napusL.)

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