A foundation for the strategic long-term planning of the renewable energy sector in Brazil: Hydroelectricity and wind energy in the face of climate change scenarios

Power sector investment implications of climate impacts on renewable resources in Latin America and the Caribbean

“…However, climate change may have distinct and more pronounced effects on smaller sub-national scales. One example is hydropower as climate impacts on runoff patterns are expected to be manifested differently depending on the river basins and sub-basins considered 43 . Hence, further research is needed to develop a finer-resolution multi-impact integrated framework that supports decision-making at sub-national scales.…”

“…By the end of the 21 st century, multi-model projections using the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 12 show mean warming levels reaching 0.6 °C to 2.0 °C in RCP2.6 and 2.2 °C to 7.0 °C in RCP8.5, and both positive and negative rainfall anomalies across the region 42 . Although there is large uncertainty intrinsic to these climate projections, their effect on future estimates of hydropower potential is manifested in terms of a strong regional variability of impacts from gains in Uruguay and the southernmost basins of Brazil to losses in northern Brazil, Colombia, northern South America, Argentina, and southern South America 20 , 43 – 45 . The limited literature focusing on LAC suggests increased wind and solar resource potentials in Brazil 43 , 46 – 48 , and, possibly, a positive general response of the main LAC bioenergy feedstock, sugarcane, to regional climatic changes 42 .…”

Impact of extreme events on conversion efficiency of wave energy converter

“…20,21,22,23,24 The long-term trend of SWH also has a close relationship with the extreme events and climate change. 25,26,27,28,29,30 The studies described in previous paragraphs depicted that due to the change in climate, in recent years, different physical, chemical, and hydrodynamic characteristics of the ocean have changed. 31,32,33,34,35,36 As a result, the necessity of numerical models, developed for the estimation of wave height, specially during the occurrence of extreme events and simulation of response from the wave converters installed for utilization of wave energy potential, has raised significantly.…”

“…The climatic trends of significant wave height (SWH) and wave power density (WPD) have a significant impact on the wave energy development . The long‐term trend of SWH also has a close relationship with the extreme events and climate change …”

How likely is Brazil to achieve its NDC commitments in the energy sector? A review on Brazilian low-carbon energy perspectives

“…In particular [ 11 ], provides evidence that Brazil is not well prepared to deal with climate change and faces severe climate risks. Prominent risk categories include changes in rural yields, water scarcity throughout vast areas of its territory, energy security (linked to a significant dependency on hydropower in the power sector, and on biodiesel and ethanol —both vulnerable to rainfall patterns [ 12 ]), climate-induced diseases, and weather hazards [ 13 , 14 ].…”