A fragmented aflatoxin-like gene cluster in the forest pathogen Dothistroma septosporum

Zhang, Shuguang; Schwelm, Arne; Jin, Hongping; Collins, Lesley J.; Bradshaw, Rosie E.

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2007.06.005

Cited by 37 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, it is still not clear of how MdpJ is involved in the pathway although we note deletion of its homolog, stcT in the sterigmatocystin cluster, reduces sterigmatocystin production (19). A putative homolog (DS31) is also found in the dothistromin cluster of the forest pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, but its function is unknown in this fungus (32). Interestingly, the fact that there is no verA homolog among these five genes suggests that another gene, not present in the mdp cluster, might catalyze the epoxidation (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans Monodictyphenone Gene Cluster

Chiang

Szewczyk

Davidson

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

171

268

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Deletion of cclA, a component of the COMPASS complex of Aspergillus nidulans, results in the production of monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives. Through a set of targeted deletions in a cclA deletion strain, we have identified the genes required for monodictyphenone and emodin analog biosynthesis. Identification of an intermediate, endocrocin, from an mdpH⌬ strain suggests that mdpH might encode a decarboxylase. Furthermore, by replacing the promoter of mdpA (a putative aflJ homolog) and mdpE (a putative aflR homolog) with the inducible alcA promoter, we have confirmed that MdpA functions as a coactivator. We propose a biosynthetic pathway for monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives based on bioinformatic analysis and characterization of biosynthetic intermediates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans Monodictyphenone Gene Cluster

Chiang

Szewczyk

Davidson

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

171

268

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“…In most cases, the genes for a secondary me- (45). The only other known fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways for which the genes are located at discrete genomic regions are those for T-toxin biosynthesis in Cochliobolus heterostrophus and for trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Two Aflatrem Biosynthesis Gene Loci in Aspergillus flavus and Metabolic Engineering of Penicillium paxilli To Elucidate Their Function

Nicholson

Koulman

Monahan

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

134

148

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Aflatrem is a potent tremorgenic toxin produced by the soil fungus Aspergillus flavus, and a member of a structurally diverse group of fungal secondary metabolites known as indole-diterpenes. Gene clusters for indole-diterpene biosynthesis have recently been described in several species of filamentous fungi. A search of Aspergillus complete genome sequence data identified putative aflatrem gene clusters in the genomes of A. flavus and Aspergillus oryzae. In both species the genes for aflatrem biosynthesis cluster at two discrete loci; the first, ATM1, is telomere proximal on chromosome 5 and contains a cluster of three genes, atmG, atmC, and atmM, and the second, ATM2, is telomere distal on chromosome 7 and contains five genes, atmD, atmQ, atmB, atmA, and atmP. Reverse transcriptase PCR in A. flavus demonstrated that aflatrem biosynthesis transcript levels increased with the onset of aflatrem production. Transfer of atmP and atmQ into Penicillium paxilli paxP and paxQ deletion mutants, known to accumulate paxilline intermediates paspaline and 13-desoxypaxilline, respectively, showed that AtmP is a functional homolog of PaxP and that AtmQ utilizes 13-desoxypaxilline as a substrate to synthesize aflatrem pathway-specific intermediates, paspalicine and paspalinine. We propose a scheme for aflatrem biosynthesis in A. flavus based on these reconstitution experiments in P. paxilli and identification of putative intermediates in wild-type cultures of A. flavus.

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“…For trichothecenes, three other pathway genes either occur alone (Tri101) or form a 2-gene mini cluster (Tri1 and Tri16) (Kimura et al, 2007). Three mini-gene clusters located on a 1.3-Mb chromosome are associated with dothistromin biosynthesis, and non-dothistromin genes are interspersed within each mini-cluster (Zhang et al, 2007). Studies on genes involved in patulin (White et al, 2006) and ochratoxin A (Karolewiez and Geisen, 2005;O'Callaghan et al, 2006) biosynthesis suggest a more fragmented organization of genes involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%