A Framework for Risk Assessment in Augmented Reality-Equipped Socio-Technical Systems

Abstract

New technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) are used to enhance human capabilities and extend human functioning; nevertheless they may cause distraction and incorrect human functioning. Systems including socio entities (such as humans) and technical entities (such as augmented reality) are called socio-technical systems. In order to assess risk in such systems, considering new dependability threats (i.e., faults, errors, and failures) caused by augmented reality is essential. For example, failure of extended human functions is a new type of dependability threat introduced to the system because of new technologies. In particular, it is required to identify these new dependability threats and analyze entities and system behavior to be able to uncover their potential impact.This thesis aims at providing a framework for risk assessment in AR-equipped socio-technical systems by identifying and classifying human failures including AR-extended human failures and by identifying and classifying faults leading to human failures including AR-caused faults. Our work also provides modeling capabilities for socio-technical systems, to enable modeling of AR-relevant dependability threats used for extending analysis techniques to address the requirements for AR-equipped socio-technical systems analysis. To achieve this, we propose a human function taxonomy by extracting functions from state-of-the-art human failure taxonomies, organizing and harmonizing them in addition to extending the taxonomy by adding AR-extended functions extracted from experiments and studies on augmented reality. Besides, we propose a taxonomy of faults leading to human failures by extracting faults from state-of-the-art taxonomies, organizing and harmonizing them in addition to extending the taxonomy by adding AR-caused faults extracted from studies and experiments on augmented reality. In the context of socio-technical system modeling, AR-extended human functions and AR-caused faults are transformed into i ii enhanced modeling elements for both human and organizational entities. SafeConcert, which is a metamodel for modeling socio-technical systems, is used as the basis for extension of socio entities modeling elements. This extended metamodel can then be used to augment the risk analysis techniques used for socio-technical systems analysis. Concerto-FLA, which is a risk analysis technique for analyzing socio-technical systems, is used as the basis for analyzing system behavior. We show the applicability of our modeling extensions on academic examples and we also conduct a case study to evaluate the analysis capabilities of the provided extensions.First and foremost, I would like to express my immense gratitude to my main supervisor Barbara Gallina.Thank you for your patience, guidance, encouragement and your perseverance that have inspired me during my research. I also wish to express my gratitude to

A Review on Mitigating Privacy Risks in IoT-Enabled Smart Homes

“…Regular security audits, vulnerability assessments, and communication with device manufacturers are part of this process. It ensures all devices are updated with the latest software patches, promoting productivity, cost-effectiveness, and security [63].…”

“…Socio-Technical Risk Assessment Frameworks (STRAFs) are used to manage risks in smart homes, considering both technological systems and socio-cultural factors. They identify interdependencies between technological risks, such as data breaches or device malfunctions, and human factors like user behaviour and trust [63]. STRAFs involve scenario-based risk assessments, human factors analysis, privacy impact assessments, and system dynamics modelling to understand and mitigate these risks [70].…”

E-Voting: A Novel of Generic Conceptual Framework

“…Authors Descriptions [28] Socio-technical research aims to determine the level of human adaptiveness towards existing technology. [29] Socio-technical research identify and classify threats and variables related to human dependency due to technological and organizational changes and provide recommendations for the development and change of technology being built. [30] Socio-technical research supports designing technologies to be implemented to address knowledge gaps, and the public can use and accept the technological products.…”

A Metamodel Extension to Capture Post Normal Accidents in AR-equipped Socio-technical Systems

“…This metamodel is implemented by CHESS ML (CHESS Modeling Language) CONCERTO D2.7 (2016), which is a UML-based modeling language in CHESS framework Debiasi et al (2021). Effect of new technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR) on human and organizational factors have been explored in several studies Sheikh ) Sheikh Bahaei (2020. There is no detailed investigation into the effects of organizational changes Soheila Sheikh Bahaei and Barbara Gallina leading to post normal accidents on modeling.…”