The discovery and integration of Civics and Politics elements in college teaching has become an important way to implement core literacy, and more importantly, it highlights the importance of value in the process of educating people with moral values. This paper utilizes the Delphi method to collect experts’ opinions and revise the indicators of the Civic and Political Elements explored in the physical education curriculum and then utilizes the hierarchical analysis method to calculate the weights of the indicators of the Civic and Political Elements and to check the consistency. Subsequently, based on the teaching objectives, the explored civic and political elements are effectively configured in college physical education courses, and the optimized teaching mode of college physical education courses using big data is established. The results of the study showed that the students in the optimized teaching mode had significant differences (P<0.05) from the students in the traditional teaching group in the 2 physical fitness indicators of 800m/1000m running and lung capacity. Meanwhile, due to the teachers’ conscious cultivation of beliefs and ideals for the students in the optimized teaching group in the process of physical education teaching, a significant effect of the enhancement of Civic and Political Literacy and Physical Education Skills was achieved. This paper provides an effective method for configuring the elements of civics and politics, which provides more possibilities for the integration and development of civics and politics in physical education courses.