A Frequency Reconfigurable Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Portable Devices

Abstract

In this paper, a low-profile, compact size, inexpensive, and easily integrable frequency reconfigurable antenna system is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of an inverted-F shape antenna, capacitors, and switching PIN diodes. The designed antenna element is fabricated on easy available and less expensive FR-4 substrate ( ε r = 4.4, tan δ = 0.02). The switching diodes are incorporated within the radiating structure of the antenna design, and by changing the different states of PIN diodes, frequency reconfigurable response is achieved. While adjusting the different states of the diodes, the antenna resonates between 0.841 GHz and 2.12 GHz and covers six different frequency bands. The proposed system has compact size of 44 × 14 × 3.2 mm 3 . The gain of the antenna is between 1.89 and 2.12 dBi. The measurement results shows the good agreement with simulated results for different key performance parameters. Additionally, the proposed antenna shows omni-directional far-field characteristics for various different frequencies.

S11 parameter results comparison in reconfigurable antennas under simulation and measurement

“…But the maximum return loss parameter variation was given in state 1 [8]. A frequency reconfigurable planar antenna with the dimensions of (44x14x3.2) mm 3 was presented in [9]. Two PIN diodes were used in this antenna for reconfiguration.…”

“…Next, a (30x30x0.762) mm 3 antenna and a (37x 35x1.6) mm 3 antenna have been developed with two PIN diode switches. Both show a maximum of -12 dB and -15 dB variations in the simulation and measurement result of their S11 parameter [9], [10]. Two optically controlled frequency reconfigurable antennas have been developed with two photoconductive switches and two photodiodes.…”

Compact ACS‐fed frequency reconfigurable octa‐band antenna for wireless portable systems

“…However, despite being reconfigurable, these antennas 20–33 have large dimensions and only a few operational bands, which restricts their applications in contemporary RF front‐ends where there is limited space for the antennas. Additionally, a few of these antennas 20–33 used numerous bias lines, lumped components, and more PIN diodes to tune the operating states, which complicated the antenna structure and created additional integration and cost challenges.…”

“…In Reference 31, a reconfigurable quad‐band antenna for wireless communication is reported. A frequency reconfigurable inverted‐F shape antenna with capacitors and PIN diodes is proposed in Reference 32, and a frequency reconfigurable multiband slot antenna is proposed in Reference 33. However, despite being reconfigurable, these antennas 20–33 have large dimensions and only a few operational bands, which restricts their applications in contemporary RF front‐ends where there is limited space for the antennas.…”

“…A frequency reconfigurable inverted-F shape antenna with capacitors and PIN diodes is proposed in Reference 32, and a frequency reconfigurable multiband slot antenna is proposed in Reference 33. However, despite being reconfigurable, these antennas [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] have large dimensions and only a few operational bands, which restricts their applications in contemporary RF front-ends where there is limited space for the antennas. Additionally, a few of these antennas [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] used numerous bias lines, lumped components, and more PIN diodes to tune the operating states, which complicated the antenna structure and created additional integration and cost challenges.…”