A fruit, milk and whole grain dietary pattern is positively associated with bone mineral density in Korean healthy adults

Abstract

Our results suggest that a dietary pattern with high intake of dairy products, fruits and whole grains may contribute positively to bone health in a Korean adult population, and dietary pattern-based strategies could have potential in promoting bone health.

Current Evidence on the Association of Dietary Patterns and Bone Health: A Scoping Review

“…Studies were conducted in >20 countries: Australia (16,44), Brazil (24), Canada (25,26,32), China (22,28,30,34,49,55), France (33,56), Greece (14), Iran (20,21,48), Ireland (19), Italy (38), Japan (13,18,31), Korea (23,27,29,40,43,53,54), Netherlands (51), Norway (45), Portugal (41,60), Scotland (17), Spain (47), Sweden (59), United Kingdom (15,39), United States (35-37, 42, 46, 52, 58), and 10 European countries (57).…”

“…The rice and kimchi dietary pattern (23) was positively associated with BMD and/or BMC, and the rice, cooked wheat food, fried food and other grains, and fruits dietary pattern (22) was negatively associated with BMD and/or BMC in 2 different studies. The white rice, kimchi, and seaweed dietary pattern (27) was associated with a higher osteoporosis risk.…”

“…The most frequent measurement sites were lumber spine (14-24, 37, 39, 40, 48, 49), femoral neck (15, 17, 19-22, 25, 36, 37, 40, 48, 49, 51), and total body (22,23,39,44,46,49,50). Some studies also measured BMD at the trochanter (22,36,37,49), Ward's area (22,36,49), total hip (15,16,39), distal radius (13,39,41,60), radius shaft (18,36,39), total femur (24,37), calcaneus (43,47), intertrochanteric area (49), distal ulna (13), whole arm, whole leg and whole pelvis (23), distal and ultradistal forearm (45), and distal tibia and tibia shaft (38). Bone mineral content (BMC) also was measured in some studies (n = 7) (13,14,16,19,(42)(43)(44).…”

“…The dietary patterns representing some aspects of the healthy dietary pattern, such as high consumption of fish and olive oil (14); legumes, seafood, seeds and nuts, wine, rice, and vegetables (16); nuts and meats (19); milk and root vegetables (22); and fruit, milk, and whole grains (23), was found to have beneficial impact on BMD and/or BMC. The vegetable-fruit-soy (34) dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of fracture.…”

“…Investigating the association between bone outcomes and the dietary patterns mainly including rice yielded mixed results (22,23,27). The rice and kimchi dietary pattern (23) was positively associated with BMD and/or BMC, and the rice, cooked wheat food, fried food and other grains, and fruits dietary pattern (22) was negatively associated with BMD and/or BMC in 2 different studies.…”