A full-scale anaerobic baffled reactor and hybrid constructed wetland for university dormitory wastewater treatment and reuse in an arid and warm climate

Effect of Plant Species on the Performance and Bacteria Density Profile in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for Domestic Wastewater Treatment in a Tropical Climate

“…Lower but still considerable removal rates are reported in other studies, i.e., 80% by P. purpureum [60], or even an increase in the effluent for a VFCW with C. zizanioides [76]. This high removal rate could be possibly attributed to the first growth period of the plants in the present study and the higher need for nutrients as well as to the fresh and unsaturated media, as has also been elsewhere reported [2,18,71].…”

“…High removal efficiencies were obtained in the pilot VFCWs for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. It is known that the VFCW design promotes aerobic removal processes as well as sedimentation and/or filtration mechanisms, which are the main removal mechanisms in CWs [2,15,19,71]. Organic matter removal (COD and BOD 5 ) reached high levels in all 5 pilot planted units (90-99%; Table 4).…”

“…As these two units also showed the highest organic matter removal (Table 4) and the highest effluent DO (Table 3), it can be assumed that denitrification was limited, and plant uptake was probably the main nitrate removal mechanism for these species. In fact, various design modifications, such as partial saturation, increased bed depth, and effluent recirculation, have been proposed and tested to enhance the denitrification rate in VFCWs [16,71,77], though they increase the operational complexity and maintenance tasks.…”

“…This result could be related to the gradual reduction of oxygen from the surface to the bottom. As the upper layers of the beds are better aerated [14,71,84], the majority of the biological activity takes place within the first 10-20 cm [14,71,88], thus the development and growth of aerobic bacteria is favored than that of the anaerobic bacteria. On the other hand, in the bottom layers, the oxygen levels are relatively low, which would promote the growth of anaerobic bacteria.…”

Feasibility Study of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Coupled with Anaerobic Filter Followed by Membrane Filtration for Wastewater Treatment

“…Recently, they have been studied for the treatment of various wastewaters including dyeing, dormitory, and fish processing wastewaters [ 10 , 11 ]. Recent research on ABRs practicability has particularly focused on nitrogen removal resulting from the seasonal variations (low-temperature conditions) and the reactor’s design considerations (baffles configurations) while maximizing the performance efficiency of wastewater treatment [ 12 ].…”