A Full-Scale Successive Alkalinity-Producing Passive System (SAPPS) for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage

Lee, J. Y.; Khim, Jong Seong; Woo, Kwangje; Ji, Won Hyun

doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1656-4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Drain maintenance and more frequent need for limestone replacement makes ALD systems more costly than other treatment systems (Cravotta 2006). Field tests in Gangneung, South Korea support that ALD systems are effective for increasing limestone dissolution, but require at least 15 hours of retention time (Lee et al 2013).…”

Section: ) Anoxic Limestone Drains (Ald)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Aerobic wetlands are practical for treating water that has net alkalinity (Cravotta 2006;Johnson and Hallberg 2005;Skousen et al 2000). Aerobic systems are dominated by shallow and surface processes, thus constructed aerobic wetlands are generally kept to a depth of within 1 ft. (Lee et al 2013).…”

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anaerobic wetland substrates may contain limestone in order to further raise alkalinity and promote the precipitation of metals (Skousen et al 2000). Some anaerobic wetlands incorporate deep ponds with depths greater than 1 ft. (Lee et al 2013).…”

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water draining APS systems are frequently directed to a sedimentation pond or an aerobic wetland in order to collect and retain hydroxide precipitates (Johnson and Hallberg 2005). Results from testing performed in Gangneung, South Korea suggest retention times of 1 to 2 days to be appropriate and economical for APS systems (Lee et al 2013).…”

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buried cells or trenches of limestone of which anoxic water is passed through; as limestone dissolves in acid water, pH levels are effectively raised, indicating an increase in alkalinity (Lee et al 2013;Skousen et al 2000). ALDs have increased rates of limestone dissolution due to the increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the drain.…”

Section: ) Anoxic Limestone Drains (Ald)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Feasibility Analysis of the Implementation of Passive Treatment Systems for Remediating Acid Mine Drainage in the Lick Run Watershed

Leonetti¹

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Historical mining operations, mostly coal mining, has left the State of West Virginia with many abandoned mine lands that often produce nonpoint sources of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) pollution. This work studied a small tributary to the Cheat River, Lick Run, which has been heavily impaired by AMD through legacy coal mining. Field and laboratory water quality testing verified that Lick Run does not meet Water Quality Standards (WQS). The purpose of this research was to evaluate current stream conditions of Lick Run and to provide means of remediation through passive treatment systems to reduce metal and acidity loads. Lick Run is located in Preston County, West Virginia. Within the watershed, a total of six mine portals and three in-stream sites were monitored, along with two locations on the Cheat River. Water quality testing was performed quarterly from July 2013 to May 2014. Field tests measured pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature. Grab samples were analyzed for pH, alkalinity, acidity, sulfate (SO4), conductivity, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn). Benthic macro-invertebrate communities were also assessed at the in-stream sampling locations (October 2013 and May 2014); West Virginia Stream Condition Index (WVSCI) metrics were calculated. Watershed characteristics were evaluated to help assess pollutant transfer fates. Characteristics included coal seam boundaries, elevations, soils, land use, impervious surfaces, imagery, natural wetland areas, sampling locations, problem area description locations, and abandoned mine lands. AMD Treat was utilized to help determine appropriate module dimensions and to generate cost estimates for each system. Results of the project suggest that treatment of the watershed to 80% reduction of metal and acidity loads is feasible, but capital costs are high (greater than $2,000,000). Once the proposed systems are built, however, little maintenance would be required, thus operating costs would be low during the expected lifespan of 20 years. Macro-invertebrate assessments revealed that stream conditions of Lick Run were poor to marginal. Levels of pH were below WQS with values that were nearly 4 for most sites. While this indicates considerable acid loads, these are reasonable levels for management and treatment purposes. Iron and aluminum concentrations proved to be the most detrimental to the watershed.

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Section: ) Anoxic Limestone Drains (Ald)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Best Management Practices (Bmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Anoxic Limestone Drains (Ald)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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