A Fundamental Study on the Vacuum Treatment of Molten Matte and White Metal

Kametani, Hiroshi; Yamauchi, Chikabumi; Murao, Kenzo; Hayashida, Morio

doi:10.2320/matertrans1960.14.218

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The first literature references related to the research of copper or copper alloy vacuum refining were published in the 1960s and in the first half of the 1970s [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. The results presented in these works were limited, presenting only the data that showed the change in the concentration of the removed additives during the smelting process.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies

Blacha

Smalcerz

Węcki³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Innovative technologies require the use of materials that meet increasingly high requirements; one such requirement is the purity of metals. In the case of copper, this translates into a parameter related to electrical conductivity. Traditional metal refining technologies have some limitations that can be eliminated through the use of modern melting aggregates. Such solutions include vacuum induction furnaces, comprising an induction furnace with a cold crucible. As part of this work, the possibilities of refining copper and lead alloys were investigated. In addition, the research was carried out with the use of two induction vacuum aggregates, allowing us to compare their effectiveness. The tests were carried out in a pressure range of 10–1000 Pa and at temperatures of 1273–1473 K. The results obtained made it possible to determine the mass transport coefficient of lead from an alloy with copper, and to determine the share of resistance in individual stages of the process. For experiments conducted inside an induction crucible furnace, lowering the working pressure inside the furnace chamber from 1000 to 10 Pa while increasing the temperature from 1323 to 1473 K was accompanied by a drop in the lead concentration inside the alloy of 69 to 96%, compared to its initial mass. For experiments conducted inside a cold crucible furnace, approximate values of lead removal appeared for lower temperatures (1273 to 1323 K), confirming that the analyzed process happens faster in this aggregate.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies

Blacha

Smalcerz

Węcki³

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…The removal of non-ferrous metal impurities from copper matte was studied by the authors in [4] where it was found that the antimony content was below 0.1 % after vacuum treatment at 1200 °C and a pressure of 60 Pa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of antimonium chalcogenides under conditions of vacuum thermal processing of mattes

Volodin¹,

Trebukhov²,

Nitsenko³

et al. 2023

KIMS/CUMR/MShKP

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It was established based on the analysis of the results of published works and the results obtained by the authors that there is no information on the behavior and distribution of antimony chalcogenides - Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, Sb2Te3, as well as double systems - Sb2S3-Sb2Se3, Sb2S3-Sb2Te3 and Sb2Se3-Sb2Te3 under the vacuum processing conditions for polymetallic mattes performed at 1100-1250 °C and a vacuum of 15 - 0.7 kPa. It was found based on the saturated vapor pressure values for monochalcogenides that the vapor pressure of free antimony sulfide will be 58.95 kPa at 1100 °C, i.e. the lower limit of the technological interval, which indicates its complete transfer to the vapor phase when the mattes are evacuated; the vapor pressure of free antimony selenide at 1100 °C exceeds the atmospheric pressure value (101.3 kPa), and Sb2Se3 would be completely extracted into the vapor phase in vacuum; the boiling point of liquid antimony telluride at atmospheric pressure corresponds to 971 °C, and it would be extracted into the vapor phase under the conditions of matte evacuation. The thermodynamic evaporation characteristics of antimony chalcogenides were found. It was concluded based on the location of the boundaries of the liquid and vapor phase coexistence fields that it is impossible to separate binary systems of antimony chalcogenides into separate compounds in the process of one evaporation cycle – condensation, in binary systems. Different effects of pressure reduction over melts were found. Lowering the pressure from atmospheric one to 0.7 kPa in Sb2S3-Sb2Se3 system did not change the position of the boundaries of the liquid and vapor fields (L + V) under the temperature; field width (L+V) decreases with decreasing pressure in Sb2S3-Sb2Te3 system; the field width first decreases with temperature, then increases in system Sb2Se3- Sb2Te3. At the same time, the position of the boiling curves of antimony chalcogenide solutions indicates the complete transfer of compounds into the vapor phase under the conditions of matte distillation processing (at 1100-1250 °C) at atmospheric pressure which is important for assessment of the distribution of antimony and rare metals - selenium and tellurium by processed products.

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“…The behavior and distribution of the main components of sulfides during the distillation processing of matte in a vacuum, including lead and zinc sulfides, are given and The number of technological studies, in addition to those given in [13], is limited to works [25][26][27][28]. In [25], the authors studied rare metals' behavior on samples weighing 100 g at a temperature of 1200 • C and pressure of 65 Pa. They found that the content of antimony and bismuth did not exceed 0.1% after processing in copper matte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Rare Elements in Distillation Processing of Polymetallic Matte

Volodin,

Nitsenko,

Linnik

et al. 2023

Metals

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The results of studies on the distribution of rare elements among the products of distillation processing of polymetallic mattes are present in this article. Schemes of the developed technological equipment for the implementation of the extraction processes of rare elements via the vacuum distillation of mattes are presented. Technological tests were performed with a matte of lead, copper, and antimony plants at 1100–1250 °C and a pressure of up to 700 Pa. It was established that As, Cd, Bi, In, and Ge, by more than 90% in total, are extracted into condensate and dust in the distillation process of volatile components from mattes of lead production. At the same time, antimony is distributed between the distillate residue and condensate. Antimony by 90.47%, arsenic by 78.83% and cadmium by 98.72% are distributed into sulfide condensate and dust in the distillation of copper production matte. From the matte of the antimony plant, Sb and Bi (90.76% and 89.78%, respectively) are transferred into the condensate and cyclone dust. Arsenic is distributed between the liquid and vapor phases. Based on calculations, Se and Te will be mainly concentrated in the distillation residue. High-grade copper mattes obtained in processing mattes from lead and copper plants can be further used to obtain metallic copper by converting. The condensate and dust can be processed separately or with the dust of the mainline production for rare metal extraction. Antimony matte processing condensate containing more than 70% Sb can be directed to the process of crude antimony refining.

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A Fundamental Study on the Vacuum Treatment of Molten Matte and White Metal

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies

Comparative Analysis of Lead Removal from Liquid Copper by ICF and CCF Refining Technologies

Distribution of antimonium chalcogenides under conditions of vacuum thermal processing of mattes

Distribution of Rare Elements in Distillation Processing of Polymetallic Matte

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