A further analysis of perceptual identification priming in alcoholic Korsakoff patients

Cermak, Laird S.; Verfaellie, Mieke; Milberg, William; Letourneau, Lynn; Blackford, Susan

doi:10.1016/0028-3932(91)90068-j

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, intact PI priming is found in normal and memoryimpaired subjects tested with pseudowords and unfamiliar words (Bowers, 1994(Bowers, , 1996Cermak et al, 1991;Haist et al, 1991;Keane et al, 1994;Kirsner & Smith, 1974;Postle & Corkin, 1998;Rueckl, 1990;Soloman & Postman, 1952;Whitlow & Cebollero, 1989;Whittlesea & Cantwell, 1987), indicating that the learning is supported by the biasing of prelexical perceptual mechanisms (i.e., the learning cannot take place at the level of lexical representations). Intact PI priming with the unfamiliar words used in the previous experiments would demonstrate a dissociation from WSC priming, suggesting that the two types of priming rely on different mechanisms.…”

Section: Experiments 3 Perceptual Identification Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many memory researchers have employed this logic to elucidate the mechanisms of memory. The perceptual nature of PI priming has been demonstrated by robust priming effects with pseudowords or unfamiliar words in healthy subjects (Bowers, 1994(Bowers, , 1996Kirsner & Smith, 1974;Rueckl, 1990;Soloman & Postman, 1952;Whitlow & Cebollero, 1989;Whittlesea & Cantwell, 1987) and in amnesic subjects (Cermak, Verfaellie, Milberg, Letourneau, & Blackford, 1991;Haist et al, 1991;Postle & Corkin, 1998). An absence of nonword lexical decision priming was interpreted by Forbach and colleagues (Forbach et aI., 1974) to be consistent with a modification model oflexical decision priming.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Manipulation of familiarity reveals a necessary lexical component of the word-stem completion priming effect

Postle

Corkin

1999

Mem Cogn

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These experiments were motivated by the idea that many types of nondeclarative memory are byproducts arising from the plasticity that is inherent in much of the nervous system. We hypothesized that two types of repetition priming, word-stem completion (WSC)priming and perceptual identification (PI) priming, rely on different mechanisms because the WSC task and the PI task engage different cognitive and brain processes. Wetested this hypothesis by manipulating word familiarity. The results, impaired WSC priming but intact PI priming with unfamiliar words, indicate that WSC priming relies primarily on a modification mechanism, whereas PI priming relies primarily on an acquisition mechanism. Our conclusions are consistent with component processes theories of nondeclarative memory.

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Section: Experiments 3 Perceptual Identification Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Manipulation of familiarity reveals a necessary lexical component of the word-stem completion priming effect

Postle

Corkin

1999

Mem Cogn

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“…Cermak et al, 1985;Diamond & Rozin, 1984;Smith & Oscar-Berman, 1990), recent research has provided clear evidence that non-Korsakoff amnesics, and even some Korsakoff patients, can show normal or near-normal priming of nonwords under appropriate experimental conditions (cf. Cermak, Verfaellie, Milberg, Letourneau, & Blackford, 1991;Gabrieli & Keane, 1988;Gordon, 1988;Haist, Musen, & Squire, 1991;; for detailed review, see Bowers . Thus, the weight of evidence is consistent with the proposition that a spared visual word form system supports priming in amnesic patients.…”

Section: Visual Word Form Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming and Multiple Memory Systems: Perceptual Mechanisms of Implicit Memory

Schacter

1992

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

384

307

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Research examining the relation between explicit and implicit forms of memory has generated a great deal of evidence concerning the issue of multiple memory systems. This article focuses on an extensively studied implicit memory phenomenon, known as direct or repetition priming, and examines the hypothesis that priming effects on various tasks reflect the operation of a perceptual representation system (PRS)—a class of cortically based subsystems that operate at a presemantic level and support non conscious expressions of memory. Three PRS subsystems are examined: visual word form, structural description, and auditory word form. Pertinent cognitive, neuropsychological, and neurobiological evidence is reviewed, alternative classificatory schemes are discussed, and important conceptual and terminological issues are considered.

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“…By and large, there appears to be preserved priming for nonwords (Cermak et al, 1991;Gabrieli & Keane, 1988;Musen & Squire, 1991) as well as novel shapes (e.g., Gabrieli et al, 1990;Musen & Squire, 1992a;Schacter et al, 1993;Verfaellie et al, 1992). However, in some studies such priming is found to be at subnormal levels (e.g., Diamond & Rozin, 1984;Gordon, 1988), raising the concern that evidence for normal levels of priming for novel information may sometimes be contaminated by residual explicit memory in some amnesics (see Bowers & Schacter, 1993).…”

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confidence: 90%