A G Protein Alpha Subunit fromCochliobolus heterostrophusInvolved in Mating and Appressorium Formation

Horwitz, Benjamin A.; Sharon, Amir; Lu, Shunwen; Ritter, Vladimir; Sandrock, Tanya; Yoder, O. C.; Turgeon, B. Gillian

doi:10.1006/fgbi.1998.1094

Cited by 144 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…To create a PMR4 fusion to GFP under the control of the 35S promoter, 59 (nucleotides 1-1,869 of the unspliced transcript), mid (2,030-4,049), and 39 fragments without a stop codon (4,230-5,680) of PMR4 (At4g03550) were amplified from Arabidopsis Columbia genomic DNA; the 35S promoter was amplified from the pCAMBIA3300 vector (Cambia), and GFP was amplified from the pIGPAPA vector (Horwitz et al, 1999). All fragments contained a 20-nucleotide overhang to the adjacent fragment for sequential fusion PCR.…”

Section: Cloning and Plant Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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A common response by plants to fungal attack is deposition of callose, a (1,3)-b-glucan polymer, in the form of cell wall thickenings called papillae, at site of wall penetration. While it has been generally believed that the papillae provide a structural barrier to slow fungal penetration, this idea has been challenged in recent studies of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where fungal resistance was found to be independent of callose deposition. To the contrary, we show that callose can strongly support penetration resistance when deposited in elevated amounts at early time points of infection. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines that express POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANT4 (PMR4), which encodes a stress-induced callose synthase, under the control of the constitutive 35S promoter. In these lines, we detected callose synthase activity that was four times higher than that in wild-type plants 6 h post inoculation with the virulent powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum. The callose synthase activity was correlated with enlarged callose deposits and the focal accumulation of green fluorescent protein-tagged PMR4 at sites of attempted fungal penetration. We observed similar results from infection studies with the nonadapted powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Haustoria formation was prevented in resistant transgenic lines during both types of powdery mildew infection, and neither the salicylic acid-dependent nor jasmonate-dependent pathways were induced. We present a schematic model that highlights the differences in callose deposition between the resistant transgenic lines and the susceptible wild-type plants during compatible and incompatible interactions between Arabidopsis and powdery mildew.Land plants are exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens and, accordingly, have evolved a variety of strategies that facilitate an early and rapid recognition of pathogens and the mobilization of biochemical and structural defenses. As a result, successful infection of plants by pathogens is the exception rather than the rule (

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Section: Cloning and Plant Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…As a control, we generated a binary vector for 35S-controlled GFP overexpression. The GFP open reading frame was amplified from pIGPAPA [15] using an NcoI-containing 5' and a Bst EII-containing 3' primer. The NcoI-Bst EII-digested GFP fragment was cloned into the likewise prepared vector pCAMBIA3301 (Cambia, Australia), which supplied a 35S promoter element upstream to the GFP cloning site.…”

Section: Transient Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Blümke¹,

Somerville²,

Voigt³

2013

ABB

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Localized cell wall thickenings, so called papillae, are a common plant defense response to fungal attack at sites of penetration of the plant cell. The major constituent of papillae is callose, a (1,3)-β-glucan polymer, which contributes to slowing or blocking the invading fungal hyphae. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we could recently show that the overexpression of PMR4 (POWDERY MILDEW RESITANT 4), which encodes a stress induced callose synthase, results in complete powdery mildew resistance. To evaluate if these findings are also transferable to monocot crops, we transiently expressed PMR4 under control of the 35S promoter in leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings, which were subsequently inoculated with the virulent powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Fusion of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to PMR4 allowed the identification of successfully transformed barley cells, which showed an increased penetration resistance to B. graminis compared to control cells that express only GFP. PMR4-GFP localized in a similar pattern at the site of attempted fungal penetration as observed in A. thaliana, which suggests that similar transport mechanisms of the callose synthase might exist in dicot and monocot plants.

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“…The Ga proteins can be classified into three major subgroups: I, which inhibit adenylate cyclase; II, which have no homology with mammalian G proteins; and III, which in most fungi stimulate adenylate cyclase. In filamentous fungi, heterotrimeric G protein signalling pathways are involved in sporulation, mating, pathogenicity, secondary metabolite production, and vegetative incompatibility (Kays et al, 2000;Rosén et al, 1999;Horwitz et al, 1999;Loubradou et al, 1999).…”

Section: Role Of Heterotrimeric G Proteins In Conidiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

2012

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A G Protein Alpha Subunit fromCochliobolus heterostrophusInvolved in Mating and Appressorium Formation

Cited by 144 publications

References 66 publications

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

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A G Protein Alpha Subunit fromCochliobolus heterostrophusInvolved in Mating and Appressorium Formation

Cited by 144 publications

References 66 publications

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Elevated Early Callose Deposition Results in Complete Penetration Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Arabidopsis

Transient expression of the &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt; callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley

Trichoderma: sensing the environment for survival and dispersal

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Transient expression of the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> callose synthase PMR4 increases penetration resistance to powdery mildew in barley