A Gallium-Based Magnetocaloric Liquid Metal Ferrofluid

Castro, Isabela Alves de; Chrimes, Adam F.; Zavabeti, Ali; Berean, Kyle J.; Carey, Benjamin J.; Zhuang, Jincheng; Du, Yi; Dou, Shi Xue; Suzuki, Kiyonori; Shanks, Robert A.; Nixon-Luke, Reece; Bryant, Gary; Khoshmanesh, Khashayar; Kalantar‐zadeh, Kourosh; Daeneke, Torben

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04050

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Many LM‐X mixtures (X being the solid particle filler) are actively investigated to expand the functional capabilities of LMs not only in thermal management of electronics but also in other applications including wearables and soft robotics. Recent reports mention successful fabrication of LM‐X mixtures that include microparticles of Cu, Fe, Ni, Ag, Mg, Gd, BN, Cu–Fe, steel, diamond, graphene, and carbon nanotubes . Controlling the fraction of solid additives can facilitate a desirable transition from a liquid‐like to paste‐like rheology for these mixtures that is easily spread on a surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

et al. 2019

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Modern microelectronics and emerging technologies such as wearable devices and soft robotics require conformable and thermally conductive thermal interface materials to improve their performance and longevity. Gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are promising candidates for these applications yet are limited by their moderate thermal conductivity, difficulty in surface‐spreading, and pump‐out issues. Incorporation of metallic particles into the LM can address these problems, but observed alloying processes shift the LM melting point and lead to undesirable formation of additional surface roughness. Here, these problems are addressed by introducing a mixture of tungsten microparticles dispersed within a LM matrix (LM‐W) that exhibits two‐ to threefold enhanced thermal conductivity (62 ± 2.28 W m−1 K−1 for gallium and 57 ± 2.08 W m−1 K−1 for EGaInSn at a 40% filler volume mixing ratio) and liquid‐to‐paste transition for better surface application. It is shown that the formation of a nanometer‐scale LM oxide in oxygen‐rich environments allows highly nonwetting tungsten particles to mix into LMs. Using in situ imaging and particle dipping experimentation within a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy system, the oxide‐assisted mechanism behind this wetting process is revealed. Furthermore, since tungsten does not undergo room‐temperature alloying with gallium, it is shown that LM‐W remains a chemically stable mixture.

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confidence: 99%

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

et al. 2019

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“…The addition of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was put. through vigorous stirring, which is a common strategy of incorporating magnetic nanoparticles [114][115][116]. The magnetic torque acting on the micromotor can be described by…”

Section: Magnetic Propulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini/Micro/Nano Scale Liquid Metal Motors

2021

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Swimming motors navigating in complex fluidic environments have received tremendous attention over the last decade. In particular, liquid metal (LM) as a new emerging material has shown considerable potential in furthering the development of swimming motors, due to their unique features such as fluidity, softness, reconfigurability, stimuli responsiveness, and good biocompatibility. LM motors can not only achieve directional motion but also deformation due to their liquid nature, thus providing new and unique capabilities to the field of swimming motors. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances of LM motors and compare the difference in LM macro and micromotors from fabrication, propulsion, and application. Here, LM motors below 1 cm, named mini/micro/nano scale liquid metal motors (MLMTs) will be discussed. This work will present physicochemical characteristics of LMs and summarize the state-of-the-art progress in MLMTs. Finally, future outlooks including both opportunities and challenges of mini/micro/nano scale liquid metal motors are also provided.

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“…For soft polymer devices like those presented here, this can readily lead to thermal failure, due to the inefficient thermal transport of elastomers, and becomes a limiting factor. One method for reducing heating is to enhance the electrical conductivity of the liquid metal by suspending conductive (silver or gold) nanoparticles in it using one of several previous described techniques . The resulting solutions are invariably high in viscosity, making them difficult to introduce into solid substrates.…”

Section: Development Of a Soft 3d Electromagnetic Inductormentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Soft Electromagnetic Actuators for Robotic Applications

Nho

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

161

123

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Electromagnetic actuators (EMAs) serve the majority of motion control needs in fields ranging from industrial robotics to automotive systems and biomedical devices, due to their unmatched combination of speed, precision, force, and scalability. This paper describes the design and fabrication of miniature soft EMAs that operate based on the Lorentz force principle. The actuators are fabricated from silicone polymer, liquid metal (LM) alloy (eutectic gallium indium, EGaIn), and magnetic (NdFeB) powder. They are small, intrinsically deformable, and can be fabricated using simple techniques. The central elements of the actuators are fine, 3D helical coil conductors, which are used as electromagnetic inductors. The coils are formed from stretchable filaments that are filled with a LM alloy. To achieve high power densities, the filaments themselves may be fabricated from colloids of EGaIn microdroplets in a silicone polymer matrix, allowing them to dissipate heat and accommodate high currents, and thus high forces. Millimeter-scale cylindrical actuators are demonstrated for linear high frequency motion and articulated devices for bending motion. These actuators are applied in a vibrotactile feedback display and in a miniature soft robotic gripper.

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A Gallium-Based Magnetocaloric Liquid Metal Ferrofluid

Cited by 122 publications

References 47 publications

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

Oxide‐Mediated Formation of Chemically Stable Tungsten–Liquid Metal Mixtures for Enhanced Thermal Interfaces

Mini/Micro/Nano Scale Liquid Metal Motors

Miniature Soft Electromagnetic Actuators for Robotic Applications

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