A Gas-Liquid Sensor Functionalized With Graphene-Oxide on Chalcogenide Tapered Fiber by Chemical Etching

Qi, Qianyu; Chu, Luoyao; Zhou, Weijie; Zhang, Peiqing; Wang, Xunsi; Dai, Shixun; Xu, Tao

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3104407

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the meanwhile, the chemical‐etched tapered fibers can maintain the diameter of the core, which reduces the loss compared to the stretched ones. [ 79 ] Lateral integration is achieved by changing the physical properties of the fiber and depositing the material directly on the fiber, resulting in an extreme dependency on the contact between the two, thus making the operating performances unstable. [ 72 ]…”

Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For quartz fiber, a hydrofluoric acid solution is usually used while for chalcogenide glass, an alkaline solution is required. [79] The indirect contact enhances the damage threshold and interaction length. In 2014, Wang et al reported a SA device generated by tapered fiber-based gold nanorods (GNRs) possessing the merits of long interaction length and high performance.…”

Section: Tapered Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Nanomaterials with remarkable optical, mechanical, and electrical properties have shed new light on various fields including optoelectronics, sensors, biomedicine, and ultrafast photonics. Particularly, owing to their nonlinear optical properties, fast recovery time, and broadband operation, nanomaterials are well qualified as saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed lasers. Over the development of the past decades, various nanomaterials have been developed as saturable absorbers, which contribute to a diversity of lasers with excellent performance. Therefore, it is important for researchers to provide a landmark of the applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics concerning cutting‐edge development. Herein, the integration and applications of nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics are reviewed. First, end‐face, lateral, as well as photonic crystal fibers padding integration methods are introduced along with their process and characteristics. Then the ultrafast applications of nanomaterials including carbon‐based (carbon nanotubes and graphene), typical 2D (topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and MXenes), and metal‐based nanomaterials (gold, silver, copper, and metal oxides) are summarized. Major parameters of ultrafast lasers and features of each nanomaterial are presented simultaneously. Finally, the perspectives of nanomaterials for further development in ultrafast photonics are discussed.

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Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tapered Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration and Applications of Nanomaterials for Ultrafast Photonics

Zhao

Jin

Liu

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…The tapered fiber can be obtained with the cladding etched and the core unchanged. [130] The intensity of the evanescent field can be controlled by varying the tapered waist diameter. In 2018, Kang et al used the flame-brushing technique to obtain tapered fibers with a waist diameter of about 20 µm and integrated gold nanorods using the optical induced deposition.…”

Section: Tapered Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Ultrafast Photonics Enabled by Metal Nanomaterials

Wang

Liu

Chao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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absorbers (SAs) are widely used to obtain ultrafast lasers. Mode-locking indicates a fixed phase between longitudinal modes in spectral domain, while Q-switching refers to the giant pulse formation due to the tunable Q factor of the laser cavity. Saturable absorption represents the optical modulation that absorption coefficient of SAs decreases with the increase of incident optical intensity, where SAs are often categorized into artificial and real SAs. [7][8][9] Artificial SAs mainly consist of nonlinear polarization evolution, [10,11] nonlinear optical loop mirrors, [12][13][14] and nonlinear amplification loop mirrors, [15,16] which fulfill the function of saturable absorption by means of nonlinear effects. By contrast, real SAs are characterized by the inherent nonlinear absorption property of the materials. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirror is a typical real SA and widely used in diverse lasers. However, several drawbacks such as complex fabrication and narrow operating bandwidth restrict its applications. [17][18][19][20][21] Under such circumstances, nanomaterials emerge as SAs of distinction where 2D nanomaterials have been widely investigated because of the unique optical properties induced by the energy band structures. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Graphene possesses zero bandgap and ultrafast carrier dynamics properties, contributing to a broad operating bandwidth and fast response time. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Nevertheless, the modulation depth of ≈2.3% per layer limits Nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties are widely used in ultrafast photonics. Especially, metal nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the surface plasmon resonance that further enhances their nonlinear optical response, making them suitable for generating ultrafast pulses in a wide range of wavebands. Herein, the fabrication and integration processes of typical metal nanomaterials such as gold, silver, and copper, as well as their applications in ultrafast lasers are reviewed. The synthesis methods of metal nanomaterials, which can be divided into dry and wet methods, are first introduced with their characteristics and advantages summarized. Moreover, the integration approaches that are used to incorporate metal nanomaterials into laser cavities are discussed, where sandwich structure based on polymer film and deposition method, as well as evanescent-wave structure based on D-shaped and tapered fiber are demonstrated. Besides, the state of the art of typical ultrafast lasers enabled by metal nanoparticles is systematically reviewed. Finally, current challenges and perspectives on the development of ultrafast photonics enabled by metal nanomaterials are proposed.

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