A Gene Expression Profiling of Early Rice Stamen Development that Reveals Inhibition of Photosynthetic Genes by OsMADS58

Rice (Oryza sativa) leaf angle is determined by lamina joint and is an important agricultural trait determining leaf erectness and, hence, the photosynthesis efficiency and grain yield. Genetic studies reveal a complex regulatory network of lamina joint development; however, the morphological changes, cytological transitions, and underlying transcriptional programming remain to be elucidated. A systemic morphological and cytological study reveals a dynamic developmental process and suggests a common but distinct regulation of the lamina joint. Successive and sequential cell division and expansion, cell wall thickening, and programmed cell death at the adaxial or abaxial sides form the cytological basis of the lamina joint, and the increased leaf angle results from the asymmetric cell proliferation and elongation. Analysis of the gene expression profiles at four distinct developmental stages ranging from initiation to senescence showed that genes related to cell division and growth, hormone synthesis and signaling, transcription (transcription factors), and protein phosphorylation (protein kinases) exhibit distinct spatiotemporal patterns during lamina joint development. Phytohormones play crucial roles by promoting cell differentiation and growth at early stages or regulating the maturation and senescence at later stages, which is consistent with the quantitative analysis of hormones at different stages. Further comparison with the gene expression profile of leaf inclination1, a mutant with decreased auxin and increased leaf angle, indicates the coordinated effects of hormones in regulating lamina joint. These results reveal a dynamic cytology of rice lamina joint that is fine-regulated by multiple factors, providing informative clues for illustrating the regulatory mechanisms of leaf angle and plant architecture.

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“…S5; Chen et al, 2015b) showed that BR biosynthesis-and signaling-related genes display nonuniform expression patterns (Fig. 6A).…”

Section: Vital Roles Of Phytohormones In Lamina Joint Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Cytology and Transcriptional Regulation of Rice Lamina Joint Development

2017

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“…If the induction of archesporial cells requires a hypoxia condition as indicated by Kelliher and Walbot (2012), there must be a mechanism to create a proper microenvironment for germ cell initiation. The Arabidopsis anther has well-differentiated chloroplasts (Chen et al, 2015) and is thought to be photosynthetically active; thus, the anthers would constantly release oxygen. If this is the case, it is reasonable to hypothesize that MPK3/6 may play a role in early stamen development in Arabidopsis, responding to the oxidative status and stabilizing the SPL protein via phosphorylation to ensure germ cell formation.…”

Section: Mpk3/6 May Mediate Environmental Stress Signals For Dgc Indumentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE by the MPK3/6 Kinase Is Required for Anther Development

et al. 2017

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Germ cells are indispensable carriers of genetic information from one generation to the next. In contrast to the well-understood process in animals, information on the mechanism of germ cell initiation in plants is very limited. / was previously identified as an essential regulator of diploid germ cell (archesporial cell) differentiation in the stamens and ovules of Arabidopsis (). Although () transcription is activated by the floral organ identity regulator AGAMOUS and epigenetically regulated by SET DOMAIN GROUP2, little is known about the regulation of the SPL protein. Here, we report that the protein kinases MPK3 and MPK6 can both interact with SPL in vitro and in vivo and can phosphorylate the SPL protein in vitro. In addition, phosphorylation of the SPL protein by MPK3/6 is required for SPL function in the Arabidopsis anther, as measured by its effect on archesporial cell differentiation. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation enhances SPL protein stability. This work not only uncovers the importance of SPL phosphorylation for its regulatory role in Arabidopsis anther development, but also supports the hypothesis that the regulation of precise spatiotemporal patterning of germ cell initiation and that differentiation is achieved progressively through multiple levels of regulation, including transcriptional and posttranslational modification.

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“…These studies yielded a comprehensive view of gene expression during flower formation. However, because the available data did not always provide detailed information on when and where genes are expressed, additional studies conducted in recent years have aimed at increasing the spatio-temporal resolution of the gene expression map for flower development (Jiao and Meyerowitz, 2010;Wuest et al, 2010;Mantegazza et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Ryan et al, 2015;Villarino et al, 2016). To this end, a wide range of methods, such as laser capture microdissection Mantegazza et al, 2014) or fluorescence-activated cell sorting, in combination with a flower synchronization system Villarino et al, 2016), was used.…”

Section: Genes Involved In Floral Organogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral Organogenesis: When Knowing Your ABCs Is Not Enough

2016

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Flower development is one of the particularly wellestablished model systems for investigating the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying organogenesis in plants. Over the past 30 years, this work has led to detailed insights into many of the cellular and developmental processes that occur during the formation of flowers. This progress was made possible especially by the identification and characterization of the floral organ identity factors, which specify the different floral organ types in a combinatorial manner. However, in recent years, the genes that act downstream of these master regulators have taken center stage because it has become increasingly clear that they execute many of the functions originally attributed to the floral organ identity factors. In this Update, we will summarize and discuss our current view of floral organogenesis with particular emphasis on recent progress in the field (see "Advances" box). We will briefly describe the latest models for floral organ identity factor function and outline open questions that need to be addressed to better understand how they act at the mechanistic level. Furthermore, we will discuss studies that have begun to reveal how a complex interplay of transcription factors, hormones, regulatory RNAs, and epigenetic modifiers controls different developmental processes during the formation of flowers. Last, we will outline recent efforts to better understand the evolution of flowers and venture a look ahead at likely future developments in the field of flowering research.

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A Gene Expression Profiling of Early Rice Stamen Development that Reveals Inhibition of Photosynthetic Genes by OsMADS58

Cited by 29 publications

References 106 publications

Dynamic Cytology and Transcriptional Regulation of Rice Lamina Joint Development

Dynamic Cytology and Transcriptional Regulation of Rice Lamina Joint Development

Phosphorylation of SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE by the MPK3/6 Kinase Is Required for Anther Development

Floral Organogenesis: When Knowing Your ABCs Is Not Enough

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