A gene-for-gene model to explain interactions between cultivars of strawberry and races of Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae

Weg, Eric van de

doi:10.1007/s001220050435

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…It has previously been proposed that the ability of different isolates of P. fragariae to cause disease on a variety of F. × ananassa cultivars can be explained by a gene-for-gene model (van de Weg, 1997a). The model is currently thought to consist of at least eleven resistance genes in F. × ananassa with eleven corresponding avirulence factors in P. fragariae (W. E. van de Weg, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands, personal communication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry Pathogen Phytophthora fragariae Indicates Pathogenicity Is Associated With Transcriptional Variation in Three Key Races

et al. 2020

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The oomycete Phytophthora fragariae is a highly destructive pathogen of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), causing the root rotting disease, "red core". The host-pathogen interaction has a well described gene-for-gene resistance relationship, but to date neither candidate avirulence nor resistance genes have been identified. We sequenced a set of American, Canadian, and United Kingdom isolates of known race type, along with three representatives of the closely related pathogen of the raspberry (Rubus idaeus), P. rubi, and found a clear population structure, with a high degree of nucleotide divergence seen between some race types and abundant private variation associated with race types 4 and 5. In contrast, between isolates defined as United Kingdom races 1, 2, and 3 (UK1-2-3) there was no evidence of gene loss or gain; or the presence of insertions/deletions (INDELs) or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within or in proximity to putative pathogenicity genes could be found associated with race variation. Transcriptomic analysis of representative UK1-2-3 isolates revealed abundant expression variation in key effector family genes associated with pathogen race; however, further long read sequencing did not reveal any long range polymorphisms to be associated with avirulence to race UK2 or UK3 resistance, suggesting either control in trans or other stable forms of epigenetic modification modulating gene expression. This work reveals the combined power of population resequencing to uncover race structure in pathosystems and in planta transcriptomic analysis to identify candidate avirulence genes. This work has implications for the identification of putative avirulence genes in the absence of associated expression data and points toward the need for detailed molecular characterisation of mechanisms of effector regulation and silencing in oomycete plant pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry Pathogen Phytophthora fragariae Indicates Pathogenicity Is Associated With Transcriptional Variation in Three Key Races

et al. 2020

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“…Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae Rpf1 SCAR-R1 A SCAR / SSR Van de Weg 166 Haymes et al 141 ; 167 Rugienius et al 168 ; Sasnauskas et al 169 ; Mathey 170 Phytophthora cactorum FaRPc2-H3 RPCKASPH3 HRM / KASP Mangandi et al 60 Noh et al 63 Xanthomonas fragariae FaRXf1 HRM6D_33.083 HRM Roach et al 57 Roach et al 57 Colletotrichum acutatum FaRCa1 UFCa1HRM01 HRM Salinas et al 59 Salinas et al 171…”

Section: Disease Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry

et al. 2020

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The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is an allo-octoploid species, originating nearly 300 years ago from wild progenitors from the Americas. Since that time the strawberry has become the most widely cultivated fruit crop in the world, universally appealing due to its sensory qualities and health benefits. The recent publication of the first highquality chromosome-scale octoploid strawberry genome (cv. Camarosa) is enabling rapid advances in genetics, stimulating scientific debate and provoking new research questions. In this forward-looking review we propose avenues of research toward new biological insights and applications to agriculture. Among these are the origins of the genome, characterization of genetic variants, and big data approaches to breeding. Key areas of research in molecular biology will include the control of flowering, fruit development, fruit quality, and plant-pathogen interactions. In order to realize this potential as a global community, investments in genome resources must be continually augmented.Origin and organization of the octoploid strawberry genome

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“…-Yaquina‖ a clone of F. chiloensis. Other effective parents included a number of commercial cultivars of the cultivated strawberry; the -Del Norte‖ clone of F. chiloensis and -Sheldon‖ clone of F. virginiana A -gene-for-gene‖ model for the resistance of strawberry to P. fragariae, proposed by Van de Weg (1997), is now widely accepted by strawberry breeders and geneticists. Up to 10 genes for resistance to P. fragariae, R pf genes, have been recognised (five of which have been published in the literature; E. Van de Weg, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands, personal communication, July 2013), and several of these have been closely linked to molecular markers, one of which is published in the literature (Haymes et al, 2000).…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

2014

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health assessed the risk to plant health from Phytophthora fragariae for the European Union and evaluated the current EU legislation and possible risk reduction options. The pest is present in most areas of Europe except southern Mediterranean regions. Entry through the plants for planting, but not seeds, pathway, is assessed as a major pathway, with the probability of entry rated as unlikely and the uncertainty as high. The probability of establishment is likely in the absence of existing disease control practices with low uncertainty. The probability of spread in the absence of a scheme for the production of certified plants for planting is considered to be very likely. With certification, spread is considered to be unlikely to moderately likely, depending on the inclusion of testing for the pathogen as part of certification. These ratings have medium uncertainty. Potential impact is rated as minor with medium uncertainty. The Panel evaluated the effectiveness of current EU legislation regarding the introduction and spread of P. fragariae. According to the regulation the import of Fragaria plants for planting, other than seeds, is prohibited from specified countries, whereas for import of these plants from other countries and for movement of these plants within the EU special requirements with respect to P. fragariae must be fulfilled. If the current legislation specific to P. fragariae were removed, no major consequences would be expected, unless the industry simultaneously ceased its voluntary certification activity. This is largely because of the important level of protection afforded to the industry by the widely used certification schemes for Fragaria, which significantly reduce the risks of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Certification schemes for the movement of Fragaria plants for planting offer the greatest efficiency and feasibility and the least uncertainty, especially if effective detection is incorporated into them. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae for the European Union (EU) territory and to identify risk reduction options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the current EU requirements against this organism, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the pest risk assessment following the general principles of the -Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2010) and of the -Guidance on evaluation of risk reduction options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012). As Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae is already present in some EU Me...

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A gene-for-gene model to explain interactions between cultivars of strawberry and races of Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry Pathogen Phytophthora fragariae Indicates Pathogenicity Is Associated With Transcriptional Variation in Three Key Races

Genomic Investigation of the Strawberry Pathogen Phytophthora fragariae Indicates Pathogenicity Is Associated With Transcriptional Variation in Three Key Races

A roadmap for research in octoploid strawberry

Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae in the EU territory, with the identification and evaluation of risk reduction options

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