“…A smart city is a city where residents can securely gather, manage, and disseminate data that relates to all areas of their daily lives in a sustainable and ubiquitous manner (Heo et al, 2014;Anthony Jnr, 2020a). In smart cities services provided to citizens are facilitated by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in a resourceful manner (Zuccalà and Verga, 2017;Jnr et al, 2020a). Smart cities comprise of different sectors such as smart building, mobility, energy systems, water and air quality, climate change, etc.…”