A geochemical model for the abnormal fluoride concentrations in waters in parts of northern Tanzania

Nanyaro, J. T.; Aswathanarayana, U.; Mungure, J.S.; Lahermo, Pertti

doi:10.1016/s0731-7247(84)80007-5

Cited by 69 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…According to the WHO recommendation many developed countries changed the maximum admissible concentrations to 10 µg/L, however the developing countries, where arsenicosis is more widespread, are still using the previous guideline value (50 µg/L) due to the lack of facilities to analyze smaller concentrations precisely (Nickson et al, 2005). High F -groundwater causes fluorosis in several regions of the world; East Africa (Nanyaro et al, 1984), India (Rao et al, 1993), and Inner Mongolia in China (Wang et al, 1999). The drinking water limit (DWL) for F -is 1.5 mg/L (WHO, 1994).…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle

et al. 2007

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This paper reports the extended study from a previously-described study on As and F contaminated groundwater from a small village, Kalalanwala, in east Punjab, Pakistan (Farooqi et al., 2007). Of the 147 groundwater samples investigated, 91% exceeded the WHO standard (10 µg/L) for As and 75% exceeded the WHO standard (1.5 mg/L) for F -. The highly contaminated As (max. 2400 µg/L) and F -(max. 22.8 mg/L) groundwaters were found from shallow depths down to 30 m from the surface. The contaminated groundwaters are characterized by high pH (max. 8.8), alkalinity (HCO 3 -up to 1281 mg/L), SO 4 2-(max. 960 mg/L), Na + (max. 1058 mg/L) and maximum electric conductivity >4.6 mS/cm. Fluoride concentrations showed positive correlations with those of Na + and HCO 3 -and negative ones with Ca 2+and Mg 2+ . The alkaline waters were saturated with calcite in spite of the low Ca 2+ concentrations. Fluoride concentration is governed by fluorite solubility. Speciation analysis showed As is mostly in the form of As V . There was a positive correlation between As and pH, while there is no relationship between As vs. Fe and F -. Thus, the fluoride and As contamination occurred in the oxidizing and alkaline conditions of the groundwater. However, F -and As are derived from two or more sources. Suspected contaminant sources in the study area contained considerable amounts of F -and As; fertilizers (DAP, n = 5) contained leachable F -ranging from 53-255 mg/kg, and As 5-10 mg/kg, and coals (n = 8) contained F -ranging from 5-20 mg/kg. Sulfur isotopic ratios indicated that the high SO 4 2-in groundwater (3.2-7.0‰, CDT) is mainly derived from coal combusted atmospheric pollutants, fertilizers and household wastes. Nitrogen isotope data (8-30‰, Air) showed that NO 3 --N is attributed to animal waste distributed in the study area. The major chemical characteristics of the groundwaters are related with anthropogenic activities on the ground surface. The resultant major chemistry, especially highly alkaline and low Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations, must promote the high concentrations of F -and As in the studied groundwaters.Keywords: environmental pollution, phosphorus, semiarid climate, Indus Basin nitrogen and sulfur isotopes tion (WHO) guideline of As concentration in drinking water was reduced from 50 µg/L to 10 µg/L in 1993 (WHO, 1993). According to the WHO recommendation many developed countries changed the maximum admissible concentrations to 10 µg/L, however the developing countries, where arsenicosis is more widespread, are still using the previous guideline value (50 µg/L) due to the lack of facilities to analyze smaller concentrations precisely (Nickson et al., 2005). High F -groundwater causes fluorosis in several regions of the world; East Africa (Nanyaro et al., 1984), India (Rao et al., 1993), and Inner Mongolia in China (Wang et al., 1999). The drinking water limit (DWL) for F -is 1.5 mg/L (WHO, 1994). Fluoride in drinking water has a narrow optimum concentration range in relation to human health. It prevents dental caries in ...

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle

et al. 2007

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“…Clinical data indicate that to low protein, calcium and vitamin C and D intake raises the dental fluorosis risk [25,26].…”

Section: Human Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of them refer to limited areas like Gölcük -SW Turkey [32], Mt. Aso volcano, Japan [27], Island of Tenerife -Spain [33], Furnas volcano, São Miguel -Azores, Portugal [34], Albano Lake -Italy [35], while other evidence a widespread problem throughout entire countries like Mexico [36], Ethiopia [37], Kenya [38], Tanzania [26]. In these areas, populations as high as 200,000 people could be at risk to develop fluorosis like for example the inhabitants of the Los Altos the Jalisco region in Mexico [39].…”

Section: Water-rock Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been estimated that the Ijen Crater Lake discharges daily in the surface and groundwaters of the highly populated area of Asembagus about 2800 kg of fluorine [42], which is responsible of the widespread occurrence of fluorosis in the area. Furthermore the fluorine contained in the salts extracted from the shores of the East African Rift Valley lakes and used for cooking purposes represent an additional fluorine source for the local population [26].…”

Section: Water-rock Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human fluorosis related to volcanic activity: a review

D’Alessandro¹

2006

WIT Transactions on Biomedicine and Health, Vol 10

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Fluorosis is a widespread disease related to ingestion of high levels of fluorine through water and food. Although sometimes of anthropogenic origin, high levels of fluorine are generally related to natural sources. One of the main sources is represented by volcanic activity, which releases magmatic fluorine generally as hydrogen fluorine through volcanic degassing. For example, Mt. Etna in Italy is considered the greatest point source at the global scale, releasing on average 70 Gg of HF each year. But the impact of fluorine on human health is highly dependent on its chemical state, which means that high rates of release do not necessarily point to high impacts. The major pathway of magmatic fluorine to humans is in the form of fluoride ion (F -), through consumption of contaminated vegetables and drinking water. Contamination can happen either through direct uptake of gaseous HF or through rainwaters and volcanic ashes. Furthermore hydrogen fluoride, being one of the most soluble gases in magmas, exsolves only partially (< 20%) during volcanic activity. Volcanic rocks thus contain high levels of fluorine, which are transferred to groundwaters through water-rock interaction processes in the aquifers. Large magmatic provinces, like for example the East African Rift Valley, are therefore endemic for fluorosis. Finally a literature review of volcanic related fluorosis is given.

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“…그러나 최근 불소 과다 섭취로 인한 문제가 제기되고 있으며, 주로 음용수를 통해 인체 에 유입됨에 따라 세계보건기구는 음용수의 불소 농도 허 용기준치를 1.5 mg/L로 규정하고 있다. 불소를 섭취할 경 우 위장이 가장 먼저 영향을 받으며 (Bronstein et al, 2010) 고농도의 불소를 계속 섭취하게 되면 반상치(dental fluorosis), 골불소증(skeletal fluorosis), 골육종(osteosarcoma) 이나 골암(bone cancer)등의 증상을 유발한다고 보고되고 있다 (Nanyaro et al, 1984;Meenakshi and Maheshwari, 2006;Chae et al, 2008). …”

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Geochemical Investigation of Fluoride Migration in the Soil Affected by an Accidental Hydrofluoric Acid Leakage

Kwon¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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The hydrofluoric acid (HF) leakage accident occurred on September 2012 in Gumi, Korea affected the surrounding soils and plants. In this study, we investigated fluoride migration in Gumi area through geochemical properties of soil-liquid phase (pore water F and water-soluble F). The concentrations of porewater F and water-soluble F were obtained from N.D (Not detected) to 9.79 mg/L and from 0.001 to 21.4 mg/L, respectively. F in pore water seemed to be affected by artificial and natural origin, and PHREEQC results implied that fluorite is F control factor. F concentrations of soil and soil-liquid phase did not exceed concern level of regulatory criteria and showed similar trends compared by previous studies. Therefore, F contents remained in the soil and soil-liquid phase were considered to be not affected by HF leakage accident.

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A geochemical model for the abnormal fluoride concentrations in waters in parts of northern Tanzania

Cited by 69 publications

References 12 publications

Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle

Distribution of highly arsenic and fluoride contaminated groundwater from east Punjab, Pakistan, and the controlling role of anthropogenic pollutants in the natural hydrological cycle

Human fluorosis related to volcanic activity: a review

Geochemical Investigation of Fluoride Migration in the Soil Affected by an Accidental Hydrofluoric Acid Leakage

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