A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

Afsar, Atefeh; Chen, Min; Xuan, Zhenyu; Zhang, Li

doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 246 publications

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“…The beneficial and detrimental roles of HO-1 in the brains of individuals with AD are widely acknowledged [ 39 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 ]. HO-1 plays a neuroprotective role in animal models of AD by providing defense against oxidative damage [ 104 , 108 , 109 ]. HO-1 protects against A

-induced toxicity through the generation of CO in AD [ 110 , 111 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Heme and Heme Oxygenase In Cancer And Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has demonstrated neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. By reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1

, TNF-

, and IL-6 in macrophages, HO-2 can inhibit inflammatory pathways [ 79 , 108 , 115 ]. Table 1 summarizes the effects of heme oxygenase on AD and cancer.…”

Section: The Role Of Heme and Heme Oxygenase In Cancer And Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon encountering specific antigens, they activate and secrete growth cytokines. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of T cells, have immune suppressive function [ 108 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 ]. Activated effector T cells migrate towards and infiltrate the tumor site, identifying and attaching to cancer cells via the interaction between their T cell receptor (TCR) and their cognate antigen bound to major histocompatibility class I (MHCI).…”

Section: Common Risk Factors In Cancer and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

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Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

Afsar,

Zhang

2024

Biology

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Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria serve as the major source of oxidative stress. Impaired mitochondria produce less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be a major factor in the oxidative imbalance observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Well-balanced mitochondrial respiration is important for the proper functioning of cells and human health. Indeed, recent research has shown that elevated mitochondrial respiration underlies the development and therapy resistance of many types of cancer, whereas diminished mitochondrial respiration is linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondria govern several activities that are known to be changed in lung cancer, the largest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of the significant dependence of lung cancer cells on mitochondrial respiration, numerous studies demonstrated that blocking mitochondrial activity is a potent strategy to treat lung cancer. Heme is a central factor in mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and its association with cancer is the subject of increased research in recent years. In neural cells, heme is a key component in mitochondrial respiration and the production of ATP. Here, we review the role of impaired heme metabolism in the etiology of AD. We discuss the numerous mitochondrial effects that may contribute to AD and cancer. In addition to emphasizing the significance of heme in the development of both AD and cancer, this review also identifies some possible biological connections between the development of the two diseases. This review explores shared biological mechanisms (Pin1, Wnt, and p53 signaling) in cancer and AD. In cancer, these mechanisms drive cell proliferation and tumorigenic functions, while in AD, they lead to cell death. Understanding these mechanisms may help advance treatments for both conditions. This review discusses precise information regarding common risk factors, such as aging, obesity, diabetes, and tobacco usage.

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-induced toxicity through the generation of CO in AD [ 110 , 111 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Heme and Heme Oxygenase In Cancer And Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has demonstrated neuroprotective effects both in vivo and in vitro. By reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1

, TNF-

, and IL-6 in macrophages, HO-2 can inhibit inflammatory pathways [ 79 , 108 , 115 ]. Table 1 summarizes the effects of heme oxygenase on AD and cancer.…”

Section: The Role Of Heme and Heme Oxygenase In Cancer And Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common Risk Factors In Cancer and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

Afsar,

Zhang

2024

Biology

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Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

Afsar

Castro

Soladogun

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to dementia and patient death. AD is characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition, and neurodegeneration. Diverse alterations have been associated with AD progression, including genetic mutations, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metal ion imbalance.Additionally, recent studies have shown an association between altered heme metabolism and AD. Unfortunately, decades of research and drug development have not produced any effective treatments for AD. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology and identifying potential therapeutic targets are crucial for AD drug development. This review discusses the most common alterations associated with AD and promising therapeutic targets for AD drug discovery. Furthermore, it highlights the role of heme in AD development and summarizes mathematical models of AD, including a stochastic mathematical model of AD and mathematical models of the effect of Aβ on AD. We also summarize the potential treatment strategies that these models can offer in clinical trials.

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A glance through the effects of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 2 publications

References 246 publications

Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease

Recent Development in the Understanding of Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

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