A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses

Hand, William H.; Cappelluti, Gennaro

doi:10.1002/met.236

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hailstones are produced within large and thick cumulonimbus clouds containing liquid water, with the temperature of part of the clouds lying below the freezing point (Hand and Cappelluti 2011). In such thunderstorm cells, single or multiple strong updrafts enable the formation of hailstones in the upper, colder part of the troposphere.…”

Section: Atmospheric Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recognition of Hailstone Impressions In Clay-Rich Sediment: Experimental Results and Relation To the Neoproterozoic Case

Remin¹,

Krogulec²,

Drela³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Based on experimental impacts of hailstone and rain droplets on clayey sediment, distinct differences between their imprints are shown. The key difference that unequivocally differentiates these impact structures is that raindrop imprints are always part of a sphere, even after different degrees of compaction, whereas hailstone imprints never have such a shape, forming a more or less regular funnel, terminated by a ''nipple-like'' structure that usually retains the original shape of the hailstone. We show and discuss the reasons why hailstone imprints have never been reported in the sedimentary record, albeit their fossilization potential seems to be much higher than that of raindrop imprints, which are commonly reported from various types of sedimentary rocks of widely differing ages. Inferred hailstone imprints are illustrated from the fossil record for the first time, from the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition of western Africa.The origin of paleohailstones required specific dynamic conditions of the atmosphere similar to those of the Recent atmosphere. Present-day hailstorms are generally restricted to specific geographic regions, e.g., mid-latitude, along mountain ranges, and they are largely absent from circum-polar and circum-equatorial areas. Correspondingly, hailstone impact structures preserved in the sedimentary record may possess interpretational value, regarding fundamental questions concerning the dynamics of the paleoatmosphere and perhaps paleogeography of ancient continents.

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Section: Atmospheric Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recognition of Hailstone Impressions In Clay-Rich Sediment: Experimental Results and Relation To the Neoproterozoic Case

Remin¹,

Krogulec²,

Drela³

et al. 2014

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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show abstract

“…2009;Gubenko, Rubinshtein 2015 ), gradu ( Palencia i in. 2010;Hand, Cappelluti 2011 ) i trąb powietrznych ( Brooks i in. 2003;Romero i in.…”

Section: Wprowadzenieunclassified

Ekstremalne wartości wskaźników chwiejności atmosfery w Polsce i ich związek z mechanizmami ograniczającymi rozwój konwekcji

Celiński‐Mysław¹,

Palarz²

2017

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: The primary goal of the study was to examine the temporal and spatial variability of values of selected atmospheric instability indices over Poland for the period 2005-2014. The research involved six indices most frequently applied in convection forecastingConvective Available Potential Energy, K-Index, Lifted Index, Severe Weather Threat Index, Showalter Index and Total Totals Index. The data from three Polish upper air sounding stations ( Łeba, Legionowo, Wrocław ), as well as SYNOP codes on present and past weather and reports on severe meteorological phenomena from the European Severe Weather Database were used in this study. It was found that extremely high values of the selected indices were characterised by strong temporal and spatial variability. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the days when no convective events were observed, despite extreme values of instability indices, demonstrated that the occurrence of isothermal or inversion layers were the most common mechanisms inhibiting the development of severe convective phenomena. Convection was also inhibited when the area was free from an influence of atmospheric fronts, convergence zones or low-pressure troughs.

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“…This gives rise to a layered structure to the hail caused by growth in different parts of the cloud. A global climatology of hail has been provided by Hand and Cappelluti (2011).…”

Section: Localized Convectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation

2016

Hydrometeorology

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A global hail climatology using the UK Met Office convection diagnosis procedure (CDP) and model analyses

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

The Recognition of Hailstone Impressions In Clay-Rich Sediment: Experimental Results and Relation To the Neoproterozoic Case

The Recognition of Hailstone Impressions In Clay-Rich Sediment: Experimental Results and Relation To the Neoproterozoic Case

Ekstremalne wartości wskaźników chwiejności atmosfery w Polsce i ich związek z mechanizmami ograniczającymi rozwój konwekcji

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