A GMR-based assay for quantification of the human response to influenza

Ravi, Neeraja; Chang, Sarah; Franco, Luis M.; Nagamani, Sandesh C.S.; Khatri, Purvesh; Utz, Paul J.; Wang, Shan X.

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114086

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the GMR assay, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are always used as labels to create a magnetic field that is detected by the GMR sensor, which could realize real-time detection. Compared to traditional optical detection, the GMR biosensor has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity, which also retained low costs and rapid testing time in bio-analysis assays (Gani et al, 2019;Ravi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Shot Full-Range Quantification of Multi-Biomarkers With Different Abundance by a Tandem Giant Magnetoresistance Assay

Meng

Zhang²,

Lian

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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In this study, we reported a tandem giant magnetoresistance (GMR) assay that realized the one-shot quantification of multi-biomarkers of infection, C-reactive protein (CRP) with procalcitonin (PCT), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), all of which could cover their clinically relevant concentration ranges under a different principle. In the presence of co-determined assay, we quantified these three biomarkers in undiluted human blood serum in a single test. The tandem principle, based on which quantification of CRP occurs, combines a sandwich assay and an indirect competitive assay, which allows for the discrimination of the concentration values resulting from the multivalued dose-response curve (‘Hook’ effect), which characterizes the one-step sandwich assay at high CRP concentrations. However, the entire diagnostically dynamic range, in the quantification of PCT and NGAL, was achieved by differential coating of two identical GMR sensors operated in tandem and by combining two standard curves. The sensor quantified low detection limits and a broader dynamic range for the detection of infection biomarkers. . The noticeable features of the assay are its dynamic range and small sample volume requirement (50 μL), and the need for a short measurement time of 15 min. These figures of merit render it a prospective candidate for practical use in point-of-care analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Shot Full-Range Quantification of Multi-Biomarkers With Different Abundance by a Tandem Giant Magnetoresistance Assay

Meng

Zhang²,

Lian

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…Additionally, due to their proximity-based nature, GMR nanosensors offer very high spatial multiplexability, enabling the simultaneous detection of many analytes in a single assay . For instance, Ravi et al previously demonstrated a GMR assay that performed sensitive and specific multiplexed quantification of 10 genes . This degree of multiplexability is often considered difficult to achieve with fluorescence-based PCR assays, which are limited by the number of dyes that can be readily distinguished from one another.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This degree of multiplexability is often considered difficult to achieve with fluorescence-based PCR assays, which are limited by the number of dyes that can be readily distinguished from one another. Because of these advantages, and others such as high dynamic range, GMR sensors have been employed for the detection and real-time quantification of a wide range of biomolecules including proteins, small molecules, nucleic acids, − andas previously citedhost-based gene expression signatures …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of these advantages, and others such as high dynamic range, 36 GMR sensors have been employed for the detection and real-time quantification of a wide range of biomolecules including proteins, 37 small molecules, 38 nucleic acids, 39−42 and�as previously cited�host-based gene expression signatures. 32 Despite GMR biosensors having been indicated as a promising companion technology for gene expression-based diagnostics, few platforms currently exist to enable such an assay at the POC. Nearly all POC-friendly GMR devices reported in the literature have been designed to realize protein detection assays, 43−46 which are typically far less complex in terms of sample preparation and pre-amplification procedures than nucleic acid detection assays.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32,35,40,47 Moreover, with TATs > 2 h, most GMR-based nucleic acid detection assays reported in the literature are undesirably slow for POC applications. 32,35,47 Consequently, further automation and optimization are required in order to realize the powerful clinical utility of a GMR-based gene expression analysis tool at the POC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid, Point-of-Care Host-Based Gene Expression Diagnostics Using Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors

et al. 2023

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Host-based gene expression analysis is a promising tool for a broad range of clinical applications, including rapid infectious disease diagnostics and real-time disease monitoring. However, the complex instrumentation requirements and slow turnaround-times associated with traditional gene expression analysis methods have hampered their widespread adoption at the point-of-care (POC). To overcome these challenges, we have developed an automated and portable platform that utilizes polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensors to perform rapid multiplexed, targeted gene expression analysis at the POC. As proof-of-concept, we utilized our platform to amplify and measure the expression of four genes (HERC5, HERC6, IFI27, and IFIH1) that were previously shown to be upregulated in hosts infected with influenza viruses. The compact instrument conducted highly automated PCR amplification and GMR detection to measure the expression of the four genes in multiplex, then utilized Bluetooth communication to relay results to users on a smartphone application. To validate the platform, we tested 20 cDNA samples from symptomatic patients that had been previously diagnosed as either influenza-positive or influenza-negative using a RT-PCR virology panel. A non-parametric Mann−Whitney test revealed that day 0 (day of symptom onset) gene expression was significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.0001, n = 20). Hence, we preliminarily demonstrated that our platform could accurately discriminate between symptomatic influenza and non-influenza populations based on host gene expression in ∼30 min. This study not only establishes the potential clinical utility of our proposed assay and device for influenza diagnostics but it also paves the way for broadscale and decentralized implementation of host-based gene expression diagnostics at the POC.

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Quantitative and rapid detection of morphine and hydromorphone at the point of care by an automated giant magnetoresistive nanosensor platform

Cortade

Wang

2022

Anal Bioanal Chem

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A GMR-based assay for quantification of the human response to influenza

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

One-Shot Full-Range Quantification of Multi-Biomarkers With Different Abundance by a Tandem Giant Magnetoresistance Assay

One-Shot Full-Range Quantification of Multi-Biomarkers With Different Abundance by a Tandem Giant Magnetoresistance Assay

Rapid, Point-of-Care Host-Based Gene Expression Diagnostics Using Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors

Quantitative and rapid detection of morphine and hydromorphone at the point of care by an automated giant magnetoresistive nanosensor platform

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