A gold–chitosan composite with low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine for enhanced singlet oxygen generation and improved photodynamic therapy activity

Abstract

A gold–chitosan composite with low symmetry zinc phthalocyanine showed no dark cytotoxicity activity and improved photodynamic therapy compared to that of the phthalocyanine alone.

Symmetrically Substituted Zn and Al Phthalocyanines and Polymers for Photodynamic Therapy Application

“…The photodynamic therapy studies employed Modulight ® Medical Laser System (MLS) 7710–680 channel Turnkey laser system connected to a 2.3 W channel at 680 nm as a source of light for activation. The details of the designed source have been reported before ( Dube et al, 2018 ; Imadadulla et al, 2019 ). The drug content in cell samples were determined by recording absorbance using the SpectraMax M3, Molecular Devices multi-well plate reader from Separations using the SoftMax Pro6.4 program.…”

“…Further, the polymers are known to be nontoxic and act as a good scaffold for drug delivery and other applications. But there are very few reports of using polymers in PDT applications ( Nyokong, 2003 ; Dube et al, 2018 and; Imadadulla et al, 2018 ). The conjugated ladder polymer has advantages over single-stranded conjugated polymer in terms of chemical resistance, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and greater molecular and structural order.…”

Transition metal complex/gold nanoparticle hybrid materials

“…63,84,85,110,122 A mixture of TMC and ASL can be used to prepare TMC/AuNPs with improved properties using the one-phase method. For example, a mixture of thiol-tethered phthalocyanine (74,92) and thiol-appended poly(ethylene glycol) results in TMC/AuNP hybrids with enhanced solubility in aqueous solutions. 123,124 However, the one-phase method is not a broadly applicable procedure because certain coordination and organometallic complexes (e.g.…”

“…Negishi, Suzuki, Stille), and classic nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution reactions. Commonly used anchoring groups employed in the synthesis of TMC/AuNP hybrids include primary, 59, 69-71 tertiary, 72 and quaternary 73 amines, carboxylic acids (attached as carboxylates), 57,69,74,75 1,2-dithiolanes, 61,68,76 disulfides, 77 dithiocarbamates, 78 thioethers, 79 sulfonates, 57 and heterocycles such as pyridines, 65,[80][81][82][83] thiophenes, 56 and 1,2,3-triazoles, 56,63,84,85 but thiols have been the most intensively investigated by far, [86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] because the high binding affinity of gold and sulfur atoms affords long-term stability of the resultant hybrids. 101 Extant TMC/AuNP hybrids involve TMC fragments such as [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (1), 66,102 [Ir(ppy) 2 (bpy)] 2+ (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) (2), 61,103 [Ru(terpy) 2 ] 2+ (terpy = 2,2',6',2"-terpyridine) (3), <...>…”

Polymers for enhanced photodynamic cancer therapy: Phthalocyanines as a photosensitzer model

“…In‐vivo study showed that the prepared NCs led to a significant inhibition of tumor growth 14 days after injection. Nyokong and her coworkers 54 linked a novel Pc PS to gold nanoparticles through S‐Au self assembly, and to CS using non‐covalent N‐S interactions. Compared to the free PS, the conjugates showed higher triplet and singlet oxygen quantum yields.…”