A Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugate Delivery System for Active Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

Didamson, Onyisi Christiana; Chandran, Rahul; Abrahamse, Heidi

doi:10.3390/cancers14194558

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Leading the source for the development of cancer are the unregulated molecular signaling pathways and the disruption of metabolic machinery, which hamper the normal growth of the cells. Despite medications, chemotherapy, and operative procedures, carcinoma cells re-establish themselves within the body within a certain period of time ( 1 ). Prostate adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 20% of deaths related to cancer in males, and it is the fifth-leading cancer diagnosed in males across the globe ( 2 , 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: New insights into molecular signaling pathways and current advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics & therapeutics

Thakur,

Quazi,

Naik

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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Prostate adenocarcinoma accounts for more than 20% of deaths among males due to cancer. It is the fifth-leading cancer diagnosed in males across the globe. The mortality rate is quite high due to prostate cancer. Despite the fact that advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics have been made, there is a lack of effective drugs. Metabolic pathways are altered due to the triggering of androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways, and elevated levels of dihydrotestosterone are produced due to defects in AR signaling that accelerate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Further, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways interact with AR signaling pathway and act as precursors to promote prostate cancer. Prostate cancer therapy has been classified into luminal A, luminal B, and basal subtypes. Therapeutic drugs inhibiting dihydrotestosterone and PI3K have shown to give promising results to combat prostate cancer. Many second-generation Androgen receptor signaling antagonists are given either as single agent or with the combination of other drugs. In order to develop a cure for metastasized prostate cancer cells, Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is applied by using surgical or chemical methods. In many cases, Prostatectomy or local radiotherapy are used to control metastasized prostate cancer. However, it has been observed that after 1.5 years to 2 years of Prostatectomy or castration, there is reoccurrence of prostate cancer and high incidence of castration resistant prostate cancer is seen in population undergone ADT. It has been observed that Androgen derivation therapy combined with drugs like abiraterone acetate or docetaxel improve overall survival rate in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients. Scientific investigations have revealed that drugs inhibiting poly ADP Ribose polymerase (PARP) are showing promising results in clinical trials in the prostate cancer population with mCRPC and DNA repair abnormalities. Recently, RISUG adv (reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance) has shown significant results against prostate cancer cell lines and MTT assay has validated substantial effects of this drug against PC3 cell lines. Current review paper highlights the advancements in prostate cancer therapeutics and new drug molecules against prostate cancer. It will provide detailed insights on the signaling pathways which need to be targeted to combat metastasized prostate cancer and castration resistant prostate cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: New insights into molecular signaling pathways and current advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics & therapeutics

Thakur,

Quazi,

Naik

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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“…In addition, their large surface area allows for the attachment of therapeutic agents like chemotherapy drugs or gene therapies, enhancing the effectiveness of treatment [62,63]. GNP can also serve as imaging agents, aiding in precise tumor diagnosis and monitoring of progression [64]. Furthermore, their photothermal properties can be harnessed for photothermal therapy, where GNP absorb light energy and convert it into heat, selectively killing cancer cells [64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Downregulate IL-6 Expression/Production by Upregulating microRNA-26a-5p and Deactivating the RelA and NF-κBp50 Transcription Pathways in Activated Breast Cancer Cells

Farhana,

Alsrhani,

Alghsham

et al. 2024

IJMS

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the modulation of pathogenic genes by binding to their mRNA sequences’ 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to promote cancer progression and treatment resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of gold nanoparticles (GNP) against IL-6 overexpression and the modulation of miRNA-26a-5p in breast cancer (BC) cells. GNP were synthesized using the trisodium citrate method and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To predict the binding of miR-26a-5p in the IL-6 mRNA’s 3′UTR, we utilized bioinformatics algorithms. Luciferase reporter clone assays and anti-miRNA-26a-5p transfection were employed to validate the binding of miR26a-5p in the IL-6 mRNA’s 3′UTR. The activity of RelA and NF-κBp50 was assessed and confirmed using Bay 11-7082. The synthesized GNP were spherical with a mean size of 28.3 nm, exhibiting high stability, and were suitable for BC cell treatment. We found that miR-26a-5p directly regulated IL-6 overexpression in MCF-7 cells activated with PMA. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with GNP resulted in the inhibition of IL-6 overexpression and secretion through the increase of miR26a-5p. Furthermore, GNP deactivated NF-κBp65/NF-κBp50 transcription activity. The newly engineered GNP demonstrated safety and showed promise as a therapeutic approach for reducing IL-6 overexpression. The GNP suppressed IL-6 overexpression and secretion by deactivating NF-κBp65/NF-κBp50 transcription activity and upregulating miR-26a-5p expression in activated BC cells. These findings suggest that GNP have potential as a therapeutic intervention for BC by targeting IL-6 expression and associated pathways.

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“…100−102 For example, introducing functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the circulatory system enables the selective targeting of cells or tissues. 103 Moreover, alterations in the plasmonic characteristics of these nanoparticles offer valuable information regarding physiological mechanisms or pathological conditions. 104 The multifunctional capabilities of AuNPs are evident in their application within the field of biosensor development.…”

Section: Gold Nanoparticle Applications In Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles in Nanobiotechnology: From Synthesis to Biosensing Applications

Karnwal,

Kumar Sachan,

Devgon

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Nanobiotechnology has ushered in a new era of scientific discovery where the unique properties of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, have been harnessed for a wide array of applications. This review explores gold nanoparticles' synthesis, properties, and multidisciplinary applications, focusing on their role as biosensors. Gold nanoparticles possess exceptional physicochemical attributes, including size-dependent optical properties, biocompatibility, and ease of functionalization, making them promising candidates for the development of biosensing platforms. The review begins by providing a comprehensive overview of gold nanoparticle synthesis techniques, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches. It then delves into the remarkable properties that underpin their success in biosensing, such as localized surface plasmon resonance and enhanced surface area. The discussion also includes the functionalization strategies that enable specific binding to biomolecules, enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of gold-nanoparticle-based biosensors. Furthermore, this review surveys the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles in biosensing, encompassing diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and drug delivery. The multidisciplinary nature of these applications underscores the versatility and potential of gold nanoparticles in addressing complex challenges in healthcare and environmental science. The review emphasizes the pressing need for further exploration and research in the field of nanobiotechnology, particularly regarding the synthesis, properties, and biosensing applications of gold nanoparticles. With their exceptional physicochemical attributes and versatile functionalities, gold nanoparticles present a promising avenue for addressing complex challenges in healthcare and environmental science, making it imperative to advance our understanding of their synthesis, properties, and applications for enhanced biosensing capabilities and broader scientific innovation.

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A Gold Nanoparticle Bioconjugate Delivery System for Active Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 124 publications

RETRACTED: New insights into molecular signaling pathways and current advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics & therapeutics

RETRACTED: New insights into molecular signaling pathways and current advancements in prostate cancer diagnostics & therapeutics

Gold Nanoparticles Downregulate IL-6 Expression/Production by Upregulating microRNA-26a-5p and Deactivating the RelA and NF-κBp50 Transcription Pathways in Activated Breast Cancer Cells

Gold Nanoparticles in Nanobiotechnology: From Synthesis to Biosensing Applications

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