A gold/platinum thermocouple reference table

Gotoh, Masahiko; Hill, Kathryn; Murdock, E. G.

doi:10.1063/1.1142213

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The experimental characterization of this effect is a challenging task because it involves the disentanglement of the Seebeck effect from the temperature dependent b ( ). For Au-Pt wire thermocouples ∆ values of 7uV/K are reported 10 . The material quality can affect the value of the Seebeck coefficient even if it is hard to find a direct comparison in literature.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Stm Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transport through atomic contacts

et al. 2017

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Metallic atomic junctions pose the ultimate limit to the scaling of electrical contacts 1 . They serve as model systems to probe electrical and thermal transport down to the atomic level as well as quantum effects occurring in one-dimensional systems 2 . Charge transport in atomic junctions has been studied intensively in the last two decades 2,3,4,5 . However, heat transport remains poorly characterized because of significant experimental challenges. Specifically the combination of high sensitivity to small heat fluxes and the formation of stable atomic contacts has been a major hurdle for the development of this field. Here we report on the realization of heat transfer measurements through atomic junctions and analyze the thermal conductance of single atomic gold contacts at room temperature. Simultaneous measurements of charge and heat transport reveal the proportionality of electrical and thermal conductance, quantized with the respective conductance quanta 6 . This constitutes an atomic scale verification of the well-known Wiedemann-Franz law 7 . We anticipate that our findings will be a major advance in enabling the investigation of heat transport properties in molecular junctions, with meaningful implications towards the manipulation of heat at the nanoscale. IntroductionHeat transport and dissipation at the nanoscale has spurred research interest as it severely limits scaling of high performance electronic devices and circuits 8 . Atomic quantum point contacts represent an ideal platform to investigating heat transport in which quantum confinement effects cannot be neglected. The development of experimental techniques, such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) enabled the formation and manipulation of monoatomic metallic chains 3,4,5 . Using these techniques, charge transport in atomic junctions has been studied intensively 2,3,4,5 , and, more recently, Joule dissipation 9,10 and thermoelectric effects 11,12 have been successfully probed. Recently, heat dissipation was measured in current-carrying single gold-gold contacts by means of STM with an integrated micro thermocouple in the tip 9 . It was shown that heat dissipates symmetrically into the two contacts, confirming that the electron transmission function T(E) of the junction element around the Fermi energy of the metallic contacts governs this phenomenon. Despite these recent steps forward, the properties of heat conduction through atomic junctions still remain to be fully explored.Electrical conductance in atomic junctions is quantized. A single gold atom contact has a conductance equal to the quantum G0 = 2e 2 /h, where e is the electron charge and h Planck's constant. The Landauer approach used to describe charge transport can also be applied to predict heat transport 13 and predicts the validity of the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law, which states that the thermal conductance GTH and the electrical conductance GEL are proportional to each other,where T is the absolute temperature and the proportio...

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Section: Evaluation Of the Stm Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat transport through atomic contacts

et al. 2017

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“…Different reports [3][4][5] state small calibration uncertainties of Au/Pt thermocouples in the order of about ±10 mK, which are in the same order of magnitude 303-p2 International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering reachable by using HTSPRT. Different reference functions for Au/Pt thermocouples [4,5] based on different sources of pure gold and platinum wires have been generated. The currently accepted reference function based on the measurements of Burns et al [5] (1992) and published in reference [6] has become the standard generally used for the application of Au/Pt thermocouples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Thermoelectric properties of currently available Au/Pt thermocouples related to the valid reference function

Edler

Arifovic

Atance

et al. 2015

Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng.

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Abstract. Au/Pt thermocouples are considered to be an alternative to High Temperature Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (HTSPRTs) for realizing temperatures according to the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) in the temperature range between aluminium (660.323• C) and silver (961.78• C). The original aim of this work was to develop and to validate a new reference function for Au/Pt thermocouples which reflects the properties of presently commercially available Au and Pt wires. The thermoelectric properties of 16 Au/Pt thermocouples constructed at different National Metrological Institutes by using wires from different suppliers and 4 commercially available Au/Pt thermocouples were investigated. Most of them exhibit significant deviations from the current reference function of Au/Pt thermocouples caused by the poor performance of the Au-wires available. Thermoelectric homogeneity was investigated by measuring immersion profiles during freezes at the freezing point of silver and in liquid baths. The thermoelectric inhomogeneities were found to be one order of magnitude larger than those of Au/Pt thermocouples of the Standard Reference Material (SRM ) 1749. The improvement of the annealing procedure of the gold wires is a key process to achieve thermoelectric homogeneities in the order of only about (2-3) mK, sufficient to replace the impracticable HTSPRTs as interpolation instruments of the ITS-90. Comparison measurements of some of the Au/Pt thermocouples against a HTSPRT and an absolutely calibrated radiation thermometer were performed and exhibit agreements within the expanded measurement uncertainties. It has been found that the current reference function of Au/Pt thermocouples reflects adequately the thermoelectric properties of currently available Au/Pt thermocouples.

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“…For all temperatures, power levels of 0.1 W could be detected. As the Seebeck-coefficient of gold and platinum nearly triples when the temperature increases from room temperature to 600 • C (Gotoh et al, 1991), at 600 • C even the power of 0.01 W induces a clearly detectable signal. This measurement series proved the function of the sensor disc up to 600 • C. No negative effect on mechanical stability was observed.…”

Section: Test Of a Single Discmentioning

confidence: 99%

First steps to develop a sensor for a Tian–Calvet calorimeter with increased sensitivity

Schubert

Gollner²,

Kita

et al. 2016

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. Initial steps to apply a ceramic multi-layer technique to build a new sensor for a Tian-Calvet calorimeter are presented in this contribution. The new sensor has a stacked design of ceramic sensor discs and insulating rings. The development was finite-element method (FEM) supported to design the sensor disc. In the next step, the function of the sensor disc was proven up to a temperature of 600 • C. Finally, the entire stack was tested at room temperature, delivering a resolution of 5 µW and a maximum sensitivity of 8.5 µV mW −1 . The time constant is strongly dependent on the mass of the cuvette. We show that the time constant of the sensor can be more exactly characterized when using a novel low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) cuvette with a low mass and an integrated heater. Then, the time constant can be reduced to T 1/e = 118 s. The new sensor shows similar specifications as commercial devices and presents a good starting point for future high temperature applications.

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A gold/platinum thermocouple reference table

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Heat transport through atomic contacts

Heat transport through atomic contacts

Thermoelectric properties of currently available Au/Pt thermocouples related to the valid reference function

First steps to develop a sensor for a Tian–Calvet calorimeter with increased sensitivity

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