A Green Method of Extracting and Recovering Flavonoids from Acanthopanax senticosus Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

In recent years, green extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal medicines has generated widespread interest. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have widely replaced traditional organic solvents in the extraction process. In this study, the efficiencies of eight DESs in extracting flavonoids from Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) were compared. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the independent variable including ultrasonic power, water content, solid-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time. DES composed of glycerol and levulinic acid (1:1) was chosen as the most suitable extraction medium. Optimal conditions were ultrasonic power of 500 W, water content of 28%, solid-liquid ratio of 1:18 g·mL−1, extraction temperature of 55 °C, and extraction time of 73 min. The extraction yield of total flavonoids reached 23.928 ± 0.071 mg·g−1, which was 40.7% higher compared with ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction. Macroporous resin (D-101, HPD-600, S-8 and AB-8) was used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The AB-8 resin showed higher adsorption/desorption performance, with a recovery rate of total flavonoids of up to 71.56 ± 0.256%. In addition, DES solvent could efficiently be reused twice. In summary, ultrasonic-assisted DES combined with the macroporous resin enrichment method is exceptionally effective in recovering flavonoids from AS, and provides a promising environmentally friendly and recyclable strategy for flavonoid extraction from natural plant sources.

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction optimization of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds from fruit of Melia azedarach using a glycerol‐based green deep eutectic solvent

“…It may be attributed to the polyhydroxy nature of one of the components of the DES, which was glycerol. The importance of glycerol and glycerol‐based DESs as extracting solvents for bioactive compounds is demonstrated by a growing number of studies (Yazici & Ozmen, 2022; Zhang et al, 2022) and their function as extracting media has been mainly attributed to their polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the target molecules such as polyphenols. The studies has suggested that DESs containing a polyhydroxy component may solubilize phenolics efficiently (Manousaki et al, 2016).…”

“…The importance of glycerol and glycerol-based DESs as extracting solvents for bioactive compounds is demonstrated by a growing number of studies (Yazici & Ozmen, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022) and their function as extracting media has been mainly attributed to their polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds with the target molecules such as polyphenols. The studies has suggested that…”

Efficient Extraction and Purification of Isofraxidin from Acanthopanax Senticosus by DES

“…Indeed, previous studies have used the above-mentioned DES to extract other active ingredients, but it is worth noting that almost all previous studies have synthesized DES and used them directly to extract active ingredients or for other purposes. For example, Tsvetov et al [24] used choline chloride and L-ascorbic acid to synthesize DES to extract bioactive components from chamaenerion angustifolium, Luo et al [25] used choline chloride and L-ascorbic acid to synthesize DES to extract secondary metabolites from eucommia ulmoides leaves, and Zhang et al [26] used glycerol and levulinic acid to synthesize DES extracting flavonoids from Acanthopanax senticosus, other functions include the synthesis of DES removal of copper corrosion products using choline chloride and L-ascorbic acid by Akiko Tsurumaki et al [27]. However, there are a few studies that have performed short-term storage of newly synthesized DES, for example, Andrew J Maneffa et al [28] used choline chloride and other compounds to synthesize DES.…”

Extraction of Bioactive Components from Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. with Choline Chloride and Organic Acids Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Moreover, an acceleration of extraction is more important for viscous solvents, i.e., NADES. Recently, this technique was successfully used for the extraction of polyphenols and flavonoids from various plant samples [17][18][19]. The mixtures of choline chloride and organic acids, such as malic and citric acid, are considered promising solvents for extracting the substances mentioned above [20][21][22][23].…”