A Group-Test for Assessing Hand- and Eye-Dominance

Crovitz, Herbert F.; Zener, Karl

doi:10.2307/1419611

Cited by 500 publications

(220 citation statements)

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“…Additional interviews and examinations assessed handedness (Crovitz and Zener, 1962); socioeconomic status scale (SES), a two-factor scale based on education and occupation (Hollingshead and Redlich, 1958); and body mass index (height cm/weight kg 2 ), an index of nutritional status. Means ± S.D.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative fiber tracking of lateral and interhemispheric white matter systems in normal aging: Relations to timed performance

Sullivan

Rohlfing

Pfefferbaum

2010

Neurobiology of Aging

309

307

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The integrity of white matter, as measured in vivo with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is disrupted in normal aging. A current consensus is that in adults advancing age affects anterior brain regions disproportionately more than posterior regions; however, the mainstay of studies supporting this anterior-posterior gradient is based primarily on measures of the corpus callosum. Using our quantitative fiber tracking approach, we assessed fiber tract integrity of samples of major white matter cortical, subcortical, interhemispheric, and cerebellar systems (11 bilateral and 2 callosal) on DTI data collected at 1.5 T magnet strength. Participants were 55 men (age 20-78 years) and 65 women (age 28-81 years), deemed healthy and cognitively intact following interview and behavioral testing. Fiber integrity was measured as orientational diffusion coherence (fractional anisotropy, FA) and magnitude of diffusion, which was quantified separately for longitudinal diffusivity (λL), an index of axonal length or number, and transverse diffusivity (λT), an index of myelin integrity. Aging effects were more evident in diffusivity than FA measures. Men and women, examined separately, showed similar age-related increases in longitudinal and transverse diffusivity in fibers of the internal and external capsules bilaterally and the fornix. FA was lower and diffusivity higher in anterior than posterior fibers of regional paired comparisons (genu versus splenium and frontal versus occipital forceps). Diffusivity with older age was generally greater or FA lower in the superior than inferior fiber systems (longitudinal fasciculi, cingulate bundles), with little to no evidence for age-related degradation in pontine or cerebellar systems. The most striking sex difference emerged for the corpus callosum, for which men showed significant decline in FA and increase in longitudinal and transverse diffusivity in the genu but not splenium. By contrast, in women the age effect was present in both callosal regions, albeit modestly more so in the genu than splenium. Functional meaningfulness of these age-related differences was supported by significant correlations between DTI signs of white matter degradation and poorer performance on cognitive or motor tests. This survey of multiple fiber systems throughout the brain revealed a differential pattern of age's effect on regional FA and diffusivity and suggests mechanisms of functional degradation, attributed at least in part to compromised fiber microstructure affecting myelin and axonal morphology.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative fiber tracking of lateral and interhemispheric white matter systems in normal aging: Relations to timed performance

Sullivan

Rohlfing

Pfefferbaum

2010

Neurobiology of Aging

309

307

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…All subjects gave written informed consent after the nature of the study and procedures were fully explained to them and received a modest stipend for their participation. Subjects were then evaluated using a formal psychiatric interview (Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV, SCID) (First et al, 1998), a semi-structured assessment of lifetime alcohol consumption (Skinner, 1982;Skinner and Sheu, 1982;Pfefferbaum et al, 1992), and a variety of instruments to assess medical history, family history of alcoholism (positive if subject identified any primary relative with "problem drinking"), socio-economic status (SES) (Hollingshead and Redlich, 1958), handedness (Crovitz and Zener, 1962), and smoking history (Heatherton et al, 1991). Alcoholics, initially tested after periods of sobriety ranging from 3 weeks to 2 years (median = 6 weeks), met DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

Rosenbloom

Rohlfing

O'Reilly

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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We investigated whether changes in memory or static balance in chronic alcoholics, occurring with abstinence or relapse, are associated with changes in lateral and fourth ventricular volume. Alcoholics meeting DSM-IV criteria for Alcohol Dependence (n = 15) and non-alcoholic controls (n = 26) were examined twice at a mean interval of two years with standard Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) tests, an ataxia battery, and structural MRI. At study entry, alcoholics had been abstinent on average for over 4 months and achieved lower scores than controls on WASI General IQ Index, WMS-R General Memory Index, and the ataxia battery. The ten alcoholics who maintained sobriety at retest did not differ at study entry in socio-demographic measures, alcohol use, or WASI and WMS-R summary scores from the five relapsers. At follow-up, abstainers improved more than controls on the WMS-R General Memory Index. Ataxia tended to improve in abstainers relative to controls. Associations were observed between memory and lateral ventricular volume change and between ataxia and fourth ventricular volume change in alcoholics but not in the controls. Both memory and ataxia can improve with sustained sobriety, and brain-behavior associations suggest selective brain structural substrates for the changes observed.

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“…Demographic information was obtained by direct interview. Finally, right-handedness was verified using the Crovitz Handedness Scale (Crovitz and Zener, 1962). Demographic and clinical variables are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Clinical Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary fMRI Study of Sustained Attention in Euthymic, Unmedicated Bipolar Disorder

Strakowski

Adler

Holland

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

225

180

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The symptoms of bipolar disorder suggest dysfunction of anterior limbic networks that modulate emotional behavior and that reciprocally interact with dorsal attentional systems. Bipolar patients maintain a constant vulnerability to mood episodes even during euthymia, when symptoms are minimal. Consequently, we predicted that, compared with healthy subjects, bipolar patients would exhibit abnormal activation of regions of the anterior limbic network with corresponding abnormal activation of other cortical areas involved in attentional processing. In all, 10 unmedicated euthymic bipolar patients and 10 group-matched healthy subjects were studied with fMRI while performing the Continuous Performance Task-Identical Pairs version (CPT-IP). fMRI scans were obtained on a 3.0 T Bruker system using an echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence, while subjects performed the CPT-IP and a control condition to contrast group differences in regional brain activation. The euthymic bipolar and healthy subjects performed similarly on the CPT-IP, yet showed significantly different patterns of brain activation. Specifically, bipolar patients exhibited increased activation of limbic, paralimbic, and ventrolateral prefrontal areas, as well as visual associational cortices. Healthy subjects exhibited relatively increased activation in fusiform gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, these differences suggest that bipolar patients exhibit overactivation of anterior limbic areas with corresponding abnormal activation in visual associational cortical areas, permitting successful performance of an attentional task. Since the differences occurred in euthymia, they may represent trait, rather than state, abnormalities of brain function in bipolar disorder.

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A Group-Test for Assessing Hand- and Eye-Dominance

Cited by 500 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative fiber tracking of lateral and interhemispheric white matter systems in normal aging: Relations to timed performance

Quantitative fiber tracking of lateral and interhemispheric white matter systems in normal aging: Relations to timed performance

Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure

A Preliminary fMRI Study of Sustained Attention in Euthymic, Unmedicated Bipolar Disorder

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