A growing global burden

Corbyn, Zoë

doi:10.1038/510s2a

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Stroke remains the third leading cause of death worldwide and the first cause of long-term disability in Europe (Corbyn, 2014), while TBI remains the principal cause of death and disability in active young adults today (Lingsma et al, 2010). Moreover, TBI has been proposed to be an independent risk factor for stroke (Burke et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Disruptive Overwhelming Power Of Complement In Acute Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatility of the complement system in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and brain homeostasis

Orsini

Blasio

Zangari

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

185

162

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The immune response after brain injury is highly complex and involves both local and systemic events at the cellular and molecular level. It is associated to a dramatic over-activation of enzyme systems, the expression of proinflammatory genes and the activation/recruitment of immune cells. The complement system represents a powerful component of the innate immunity and is highly involved in the inflammatory response. Complement components are synthesized predominantly by the liver and circulate in the bloodstream primed for activation. Moreover, brain cells can produce complement proteins and receptors. After acute brain injury, the rapid and uncontrolled activation of the complement leads to massive release of inflammatory anaphylatoxins, recruitment of cells to the injury site, phagocytosis and induction of blood brain barrier (BBB) damage. Brain endothelial cells are particularly susceptible to complement-mediated effects, since they are exposed to both circulating and locally synthesized complement proteins. Conversely, during neurodegenerative disorders, complement factors play distinct roles depending on the stage and degree of neuropathology. In addition to the deleterious role of the complement, increasing evidence suggest that it may also play a role in normal nervous system development (wiring the brain) and adulthood (either maintaining brain homeostasis or supporting regeneration after brain injury). This article represents a compendium of the current knowledge on the complement role in the brain, prompting a novel view that complement activation can result in either protective or detrimental effects in brain conditions that depend exquisitely on the nature, the timing and the degree of the stimuli that induce its activation. A deeper understanding of the acute, subacute and chronic consequences of complement activation is needed and may lead to new therapeutic strategies, including the ability of targeting selective step in the complement cascade.

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Section: The Disruptive Overwhelming Power Of Complement In Acute Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatility of the complement system in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and brain homeostasis

Orsini

Blasio

Zangari

et al. 2014

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

185

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a recent report indicating approximately 15 million individuals suffer from a stroke each year (Corbyn, 2014).In a recent clinical retrospective analysis with 1,051 participants, ischemic stroke accounted for 88.4% of all strokes; and hemorrhagic stroke was responsible for the remaining 13.3% (Koton et al, 2014). Currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only effective, available drug for the routine clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke, with a narrow therapeutic window of 3.0-4.5 h after stroke onset (Nathaniel et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Panax notoginseng saponins provide neuroprotection by regulating NgR1/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway expression, in vitro and in vivo

Shi

Yang

et al. 2016

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Death rates are highest in Eastern Europe, Russia, and Southeast Asia. 23,24 Because of the rapidly aging population and poor control of risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cigarette smoking, there is a growing epidemic of stroke in China and Southeast Asia. 25 The author wrote "Throughout Asia, the most urgent priority should be the primary stroke prevention through promoting a healthy lifestyle, for example, low salt intake, regular physical exercise, stopping smoking, and government sectors should take a stronger initiative to accomplish this.…”

Section: Main Risk Factor Of Cardiovascular Disease and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Noncommunicable Diseases of Major Public Health Interest and Prevention

Bueno-de-Mesquita

2015

Asia Pac J Public Health

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; mainly cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) are now responsible for more than 35 million deaths per annum in the world; more than 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Dramatic worldwide changes in lifestyle and in the prevalence and incidence of major chronic diseases lends credence to the causative role of modifiable risk factors. For the elucidation of modifiable risk factors, large-scale prospective cohort studies with biobanks often combined in consortia are of paramount importance. Associations between selected risk factors and development of NCDs will be reviewed. In addition to the contribution of treatment, even larger proportions of NCDs can be prevented had risk factors been reduced to the optimum levels or eliminated. Individual-based approaches should be complemented by administrative regulations.

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A growing global burden

Abstract: Stroke is a major public-health problem that tends to affect poorer countries more and leaves richer countries with ballooning medical costs. Yet it is often preventable. By Zoë Corbyn.

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Versatility of the complement system in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and brain homeostasis

Versatility of the complement system in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and brain homeostasis

Panax notoginseng saponins provide neuroprotection by regulating NgR1/RhoA/ROCK2 pathway expression, in vitro and in vivo

Noncommunicable Diseases of Major Public Health Interest and Prevention

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