A guide to study Drosophila muscle biology

Weitkunat, Manuela; Schnorrer, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.037

Cited by 101 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Muscle formation occurs at two distinct stages in the Drosophila lifecycle (Weitkunat and Schnorrer, 2014). Muscles required for larval locomotion form through multiple rounds of myoblast fusion events in embryogenesis during stages 12–16 [7.5–16.5 h after egg laying (AEL)] (Abmayr et al, 2008; Haralalka and Abmayr, 2010; Schejter and Baylies, 2010).…”

Section: Mitochondria In Drosophila Muscle Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mitochondrial structure and function in the Drosophila larval musculature

2016

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Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that change their architecture in normal physiological conditions. Mutations in genes that control mitochondrial fission or fusion, such as dynamin-related protein (Drp1), Mitofusins 1 (Mfn1) and 2 (Mfn2), and Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), result in neuropathies or neurodegenerative diseases. It is increasingly clear that altered mitochondrial dynamics also underlie the pathology of other degenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, understanding mitochondrial distribution, shape, and dynamics in all cell types is a prerequisite for developing and defining treatment regimens that may differentially affect tissues. The majority of Drosophila genes implicated in mitochondrial dynamics have been studied in the adult indirect flight muscle (IFM). Here, we discuss the utility of Drosophila third instar larvae (L3) as an alternative model to analyze and quantify mitochondrial behaviors. Advantages include large muscle cell size, a stereotyped arrangement of mitochondria that is conserved in mammalian muscles, and the ability to analyze muscle-specific gene function in mutants that are lethal prior to adult stages. In particular, we highlight methods for sample preparation and analysis of mitochondrial morphological features.

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Section: Mitochondria In Drosophila Muscle Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of mitochondrial structure and function in the Drosophila larval musculature

2016

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“…For each experiment group in this manuscript, replicates ranged from 6 to 25. Immunostaining was performed according to (28) with few modifications. In brief, samples were then subjected to two washes of 0.3% PTX (PBS + 0.3% Triton-X) and 0.3% PBTX (PBS + 0.3% Triton-X + 0.1 %BSA) for 6h each.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistry and Confocal Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Characterization of Muscle Satellite Cells in Drosophila

Gunage¹,

Reichert²,

VijayRaghavan³

2016

Preprint

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Work on genetic model systems such as Drosophila and mouse has shown that the fundamental mechanisms of myogenesis are remarkably similar in vertebrates and invertebrates. Strikingly however, satellite cells, the adult muscle stem cells that are essential for the regeneration of damaged muscles in vertebrates, have not been reported in invertebrates.In this study we show that lineal descendants of muscle stem cells are present in adult muscle of Drosophila as small, unfused cells located superficially and in close proximity to the mature muscle fibers.Normally quiescent, following muscle fiber injury, we show that these cells express Zfh1-cells and engage in Notch-Delta dependent proliferative activity and generate lineal descendant populations, which fuse with the injured muscle fiber. In view of strikingly similar morphological and functional features, we consider these novel cells to be the Drosophila equivalent of vertebrate muscle satellite cells.

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“…By 12 hr APF, larval muscle histolysis is complete and myoblasts migrate toward three persistent DLM muscle templates for fusion and muscle growth. Rapid myoblast fusion continues between 12 and 18 hr APF and induces splitting of the three larval scaffolds into six DLM fibers (Weitkunat and Schnorrer 2014). Myoblast nuclei labeled with anti-Ewg antisera are present in the developing DLMs marked with 1151-driven GFP expression at 20 hr APF ( Figure 2A) and 24 hr APF ( Figure 2F).…”

Section: Msk Is Required In the Larval Amps For Ifm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Muscle Formation Requires Drosophila Moleskin for Proliferation of Wing Disc-Associated Muscle Precursors

et al. 2017

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Adult muscle precursor (AMP) cells located in the notum of the larval wing disc undergo rapid amplification and eventual fusion to generate the Drosophila melanogaster indirect flight muscles (IFMs). Here we find that loss of Moleskin (Msk) function in these wing disc-associated myoblasts reduces the overall AMP pool size, resulting in the absence of IFM formation. This myoblast loss is due to a decrease in the AMP proliferative capacity and is independent of cell death. In contrast, disruption of Msk during pupal myoblast proliferation does not alter the AMP number, suggesting that Msk is specifically required for larval AMP proliferation. It has been previously shown that Wingless (Wg) signaling maintains expression of the Vestigial (Vg) transcription factor in proliferating myoblasts. However, other factors that influence Wg-mediated myoblast proliferation are largely unknown. Here we examine the interactions between Msk and the Wg pathway in regulation of the AMP pool size. We find that a myoblast-specific reduction of Msk results in the absence of Vg expression and a complete loss of the Wg pathway readout b-catenin/Armadillo (Arm). Moreover, msk RNA interference knockdown abolishes expression of the Wg target Ladybird (Lbe) in leg disc myoblasts. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that Msk acts through the Wg signaling pathway to control myoblast pool size and muscle formation by regulating Arm stability or nuclear transport.

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A guide to study Drosophila muscle biology

Cited by 101 publications

References 106 publications

Analysis of mitochondrial structure and function in the Drosophila larval musculature

Analysis of mitochondrial structure and function in the Drosophila larval musculature

Identification and Functional Characterization of Muscle Satellite Cells in Drosophila

Adult Muscle Formation Requires Drosophila Moleskin for Proliferation of Wing Disc-Associated Muscle Precursors

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