A handheld orbital mixer for processing viscous samples in low resource settings

Scherr, Thomas; Ryskoski, Hayley B.; Sivakumar, Appa Iyer; Ricks, Keersten M.; Adams, Nicholas M.; Wright, David W.; Haselton, Frederick R.

doi:10.1039/c6ay01636g

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…1 a). Vortex mixing was selected as it resulted in a high recovery and is also feasible in low resource settings [ 18 ]. No difference in recovery was seen between 10 and 30 min of mixing (see Additional file 1 : Figure S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 ELISA for analysis of dried blood spot samples in rural Zambia

Gibson

Markwalter

Kimmel

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundDried blood spots are commonly used for sample collection in clinical and non-clinical settings. This method is simple, and biomolecules in the samples remain stable for months at room temperature. In the field, blood samples for the study and diagnosis of malaria are often collected on dried blood spot cards, so development of a biomarker extraction and analysis method is needed.MethodsA simple extraction procedure for the malarial biomarker Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) from dried blood spots was optimized to achieve maximum extraction efficiency. This method was used to assess the stability of HRP2 in dried blood spots. Furthermore, 328 patient samples made available from rural Zambia were analysed for HRP2 using the developed method. These samples were collected at the initial administration of artemisinin-based combination therapy and at several points following treatment.ResultsAn average extraction efficiency of 70% HRP2 with a low picomolar detection limit was achieved. In specific storage conditions HRP2 was found to be stable in dried blood spots for at least 6 months. Analysis of patient samples showed the method to have a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 89% when compared with microscopy, and trends in HRP2 clearance after treatment were observed.ConclusionsThe dried blood spot ELISA for HRP2 was found to be sensitive, specific and accurate. The method was effectively used to assess biomarker clearance characteristics in patient samples, which prove it to be ideal for gaining further insight into the disease and epidemiological applications.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1996-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 ELISA for analysis of dried blood spot samples in rural Zambia

Gibson

Markwalter

Kimmel

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…The mBEADS approach has a straightforward workflow composed of a single-use patient sample tube, a transfer pipette, a portable battery-powered mixer, 30 and a user-friendly 3D-printed LFA alignment and bead deposition device that increases the performance of LFAs currently used in the field. Together, these components overcome prohibitive barriers in previous technologies enabling the translation of this sample preparation technique to point of care for countries that are embarking on malaria elimination campaigns.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4293). 30 Sample preparation tubes were removed from the orbital mixer for the addition of 50 μL of 200 parasites μL −1 blood, then returned to the mixer for a 1 min incubation. Samples were then placed on a magnetic rack (Life Technology, USA) to separate the beads from the sample.…”

Section: B Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetically-enabled biomarker extraction and delivery system: towards integrated ASSURED diagnostic tools

Bauer

Kimmel

Adams

et al. 2017

Analyst

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Diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria poses a great challenge to global disease elimination efforts. Healthcare infrastructure in rural settings cannot support existing state-of-the-art tools necessary to diagnose asymptomatic malaria infections. Instead, lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs) are widely used as a diagnostic tool in malaria endemic areas. While LFAs are simple and easy to use, they are unable to detect low levels of parasite infection. We have developed a field deployable Magnetically-enabled Biomarker Extraction And Delivery System (mBEADS) that significantly improves limits of detection for several commercially available LFAs. Integration of mBEADS with leading commercial Plasmodium falciparum malaria LFAs improves detection limits to encompass an estimated 95% of the disease reservoir. This user-centered mBEADS platform makes significant improvements to a previously cumbersome malaria biomarker enrichment strategy by improving reagent stability, decreasing the processing time 10-fold, and reducing the assay cost 10-fold. The resulting mBEADS process adds just three minutes and less than $0.25 to the total cost of a single LFA, thus balancing sensitivity and practicality to align with the World Health Organization’s ASSURED criteria for point-of-care (POC) testing.

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“…Clearly, sample preparation methods, including purification, concentration, and amplification, must be adapted for environments lacking controlled laboratory conditions and should rely on as little electricity as possible. While hand-powered centrifuges , and battery-powered mixers , have been developed, the ideal POC assay will be optimized to preclude these additional resources. Another issue, often unaddressed, is that the lateral flow strips must be completely dry before optical measurements and analysis.…”

Section: Metal-based Signal Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics

et al. 2018

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Infectious diseases claim millions of lives each year. Robust and accurate diagnostics are essential tools for identifying those who are at risk and in need of treatment in low-resource settings. Inorganic complexes and metal-based nanomaterials continue to drive the development of diagnostic platforms and strategies that enable infectious disease detection in low-resource settings. In this review, we highlight works from the past 20 years in which inorganic chemistry and nanotechnology were implemented in each of the core components that make up a diagnostic test. First, we present how inorganic biomarkers and their properties are leveraged for infectious disease detection. In the following section, we detail metal-based technologies that have been employed for sample preparation and biomarker isolation from sample matrices. We then describe how inorganic- and nanomaterial-based probes have been utilized in point-of-care diagnostics for signal generation. The following section discusses instrumentation for signal readout in resource-limited settings. Next, we highlight the detection of nucleic acids at the point of care as an emerging application of inorganic chemistry. Lastly, we consider the challenges that remain for translation of the aforementioned diagnostic platforms to low-resource settings.

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A handheld orbital mixer for processing viscous samples in low resource settings

Abstract: Clinical diagnostics play an important role in infectious disease monitoring. In this report, we characterize the efficacy of a handheld therapeutic massager that has been repurposed into a mixer.

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 ELISA for analysis of dried blood spot samples in rural Zambia

Plasmodium falciparum HRP2 ELISA for analysis of dried blood spot samples in rural Zambia

Magnetically-enabled biomarker extraction and delivery system: towards integrated ASSURED diagnostic tools

Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics

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