A heat and mass transfer model based on multi-component heterogeneity for corn kernel tempering drying: Development and application

Wei, Shuo; Wang, Zhenhua; Xie, Weijun; Wang, Fenghe; Chen, Pengxiao; Yang, Dongya

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2020.105335

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Adzuki bean 28-44 (Yang et al, 2020) Agrocybe chaxingu 5-45 (Zhao et al, 2020) Corn kernel 60 (Wei et al, 2020) Green soybeans - (Zhao et al, 2017) Lotus seeds 4-25 (Zhao et al, 2016) Parboiled paddy 40-60 (Taghinezhad et al, 2020) Red beetroot 25-85 (Szadzinska et al, 2020) Rough rice grains 40-70 (Franco et al, 2020) Sorghum 40-75 (Perazzini et al, 2021) Soybean 25-35 (Jung &Yoon, 2018) Soybeans 20-40 (Park & Yoon, 2019) the sample, causing rapid evaporation, high moisture redistribution and diffusion rate, which results in shorter effective drying times (Zhao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Temperatures Range ( C) Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Aranha

Defendi

Jorge

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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The purpose of this article is to present a discussion about recent technologies applied to processes involving intermittent drying of agricultural products, in addition to verifying the adjustment of mathematical models, both for conventional and intermittent drying, based on recent research in the literature. It was found that new mathematical models are being studied to describe the drying kinetics, one of which is the generalized Lewis model. Regarding intermittent drying, mathematical models are generally based on mass and energy balances. Furthermore, to obtain the mathematical modeling of intermittent drying for intermittent products, some researchers employ the effective diffusivity technique to describe all possible mechanisms of moisture movement, being estimated by Fick's second law of diffusion. Energy savings were also analyzed for different raw materials, ranging from 6% to 75%. It has been shown that the tempering time, and the conditions of the samples under study, affect energy consumption.

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Section: Temperatures Range ( C) Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Aranha

Defendi

Jorge

2022

J Food Process Engineering

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“…The mass transfer equation for corn kernels during drying is demonstrated in the below equation (Wei, Wang, et al, 2020).

\frac{\partial M}{\partial t}={\nabla }^{2}{D}_{\mathrm{eff}}M,

where, D eff is the effective diffusion coefficient of water, m 2 /s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial boundary conditions are presented in the below equation (Wei, Wang, et al, 2020).

\left\{\begin{array}{c}M{|}_{t=0}={M}_{0},\\ -{D}_{\mathrm{eff}}\displaystyle \frac{\partial M}{\partial t}={h}_{m}({M}_{e}-M),\end{array}\right.

where, h m is the convective mass transfer coefficient of corn kernels, m/s; M e is the equilibrium moisture content of corn kernels, %.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal strain ( ε T ) and moisture strain ( ε M ) are linked to thermal expansion and moisture shrinkage, respectively. The relevant equations for thermal strain and moisture strain are expressed as below equations (Wei, Wang, et al, 2020).

{\varepsilon }_{T}=\alpha (T-{T}_{0}),

{\varepsilon }_{M}=\beta (M-{M}_{0}),

where, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of corn kernels; β is the moisture shrinkage coefficient of corn kernels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hot‐air drying of corn kernels: Drying kinetics and quality improvement

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: During the hot-air drying process of corn kernels, excessive stress can cause cracks to develop. For this reason, it's essential to identify the optimum parameters that can minimize stress during hot-air drying. Findings: In this study, a three-dimensional fitness model was established based on the average geometric size of corn kernels. Additionally, a hot-air drying model was constructed on the basis of heat and mass transfer, stress-strain theory, and conservation law of heat and mass transfer. Simulated calculations of heat and mass transfer were performed to obtain the temperature and moisture gradient distribution. This distribution was then coupled with a stress model to reveal the variation of drying stress. Verification experiments were conducted on the drying model. The results indicated that the temperature and moisture gradient were symmetrically distributed about the geometric center of corn kernels. At symmetrical positions about the geometric center, their sizes were almost equal but their directions are opposite. The thermal stress and moisture gradient stress showed the fact of larger surface but smaller interior of corn kernels. Furthermore, they both increased rapidly in the initial stage and then slowly decreased. The maximum value of thermal stress was 4.57 kPa, and the maximum value of moisture gradient stress was 0.49 MPa.Conclusions: Mass transfer plays a significant role in the hot-air drying process, and cracks can develop as a result of excessive moisture gradient stress.To mitigate these issues, it's important to increase the air humidity in a controlled manner to significantly reduce the total stress. The maximum error in temperature between simulated and experimental results was 8.5%. This suggests that our drying model can be effectively utilized to explore temperature gradient, moisture gradient, and stress distribution of corn kernels.Significance and Novelty: This study provides insights into the mechanism of stress generation that occurs during the hot-air drying process of corn kernels. Our analysis indicates that properly increasing the air humidity can significantly reduce drying stress and consequently prevent the formation of cracks. This ultimately leads to improved product quality and economic value.

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“…Researchers have developed and applied mathematical models of intermittent drying, such as Do Carmo et al, 5 Lima et al, 8 Defendi et al, 11 Wei et al, 12 Takougnadi et al, 13 and Silva et al, 14 with oblate spheroidal bodies, soybean, corn kernel, bananas, and apple pieces, respectively. These models can describe the phenomena that occur during the process of intermittent drying, and they can be applied to optimization studies to minimize heat consumption 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat consumption and modeling of corn seeds intermittent drying

Raimundini Aranha,

Lopes Ferrari,

Paschoal

et al. 2023

JSFA Reports

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BACKGROUNDCorn seed is produced on a large scale, and as production is carried out seasonally, the storage is needed to supply uninterrupted demand. To carry out the storage, as the material from the harvest has a high initial moisture content, it is necessary to carry out the drying process. In order to reduce energy consumption, an alternative is intermittent drying. The purpose of this article is to fit mathematical model of intermittent drying by distributed parameters, based on experimental data of temperature and moisture content of corn seeds submitted to intermittent drying, to determine the diffusivity value and to assess heat consumption.RESULTSFor samples dried to the final moisture content of 16.0 % in dry basis (d.b.), the condition of intermittent drying at a temperature of 40 °C and 10 minutes of tempering period led to the lowest heat consumption, in comparison to conventional drying and to intermittent drying under higher temperatures. In addition, to obtain a final moisture content of 14.0 % (d.b.), the conventional drying condition at 55 °C resulted in the lowest heat consumption, compared to the other drying conditions. The distributed parameter model can predict the experimental data with a global deviation lower than 10.0 %CONCLUSIONAnalyzing the moisture distribution profiles for the corn seeds, it was verified that there was a difference in the moisture content along the position inside the material, being necessary to evaluate the influence of moisture distribution along the position inside the material in kinetic drying models.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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A heat and mass transfer model based on multi-component heterogeneity for corn kernel tempering drying: Development and application

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

Hot‐air drying of corn kernels: Drying kinetics and quality improvement

Heat consumption and modeling of corn seeds intermittent drying

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