“…Although the filter design process is well established in digital image processing (Oppenheim, Schafer, and Buck 1989;Jahne 1997), there is a limited number of studies that focuses on filter design in LES (e.g., see San (2016) and references therein). Examples include the differential filters (Germano 1986b,a;Najafi-Yazdi, Najafi-Yazdi, and Mongeau 2015), Padé (compact) filters (Lele 1992;Visbal and Gaitonde 2002), discrete selective filters Bailly 2004, 2006b,a;Berland et al 2011). It has been shown that the filters with complete attenuation for the smallest scales yield significantly better results to prevent energy accumulation at the grid cut-off.…”