A high SPF sunscreen's effects on UVB-induced immunosuppression of DNCB contact hypersensitivity

Hayag, Marie V.; Chartier, Timothy; DeVoursney, James; Tie, Cynthia; Machler, Brian C; Taylor, J. Richard

doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(97)00617-8

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…16,19 Proper use of a sunscreen product with an SPF of 30 before sun exposure can prevent sun damage, as reported in the literature. 22,23 Our study disclosed that the majority of the students did not know how much SPF was sufficient for sun damage prevention, and the teachers believed that a higher SPF (>30) could offer better protection. Reinau et al 20 reported that, in Switzerland, only 12.3% of the students chose the answer "I don't know".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sun protection, effects of the sun, and skin cancer among Turkish high school students and teachers

Şenel

Süslü

2015

Dermatologica Sinica

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Keywords: adolescent attitude behavior knowledge skin cancer sun protection a b s t r a c t Background/objective: The incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically worldwide over the past decades, and adolescents are prone to exposing themselves to the harmful effects of the sun. Although there are plenty of studies assessing the knowledge level and behavior of adolescents regarding sun protection and skin cancer, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating both adolescents and their teachers. This study aimed to evaluate high school students' and teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sun protection and skin cancer. Methods: A total of 396 students and 139 teachers from two high schools in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, were enrolled in the study. An anonymous questionnaire form was used to obtain the required data for our cross-sectional and nonrandomized study. Results: Male students stayed significantly longer in the sun than female students (p < 0.001). Only 41.8% of the students stated that they used a sunscreen when outside only in summer. This percentage was 81.9% for the teachers and is statistically higher than for the students (p < 0.001). We found no difference with regard to sex, however, a female predominance in sunscreen usage has been reported in the literature.Conclusion: Major information sources should be used more effectively to increase the knowledge level of the students.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sun protection, effects of the sun, and skin cancer among Turkish high school students and teachers

Şenel

Süslü

2015

Dermatologica Sinica

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“…A study conducted by Hayag,17 in 1997 concluded that the application of a sunscreen with SPF 30 before sun exposure can prevent the decrease of Langerhans cells in the irradiated site and reduce UV-induced suppression in contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fator de proteção solar: significado e controvérsias

Schalka

Reis

2011

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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Abstract:The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is the most important data to quantify the effectiveness of a sunscreen, being universally accepted. The method is based on determining the minimum erythematous dose (MED), defined as the smallest amount of energy required for triggering the erythema, in areas of protected and unprotected skin. The SPF value is then calculated as the ratio between the MED of protected and unprotected skin. The first publication of a method for determining the SPF was presented in 1978 by the U.S. FDA agency, followed by other publications of FDA and other international regulatory agencies. Although considered the reference method for quantification of sunscreen efficacy of topical products, there are controversies in literature about the method for determining the SPF and the implications of the real conditions of use in the protection achieved in practice by users. Keywords: Dermatology; Solar radiation; Sunscreening agents Resumo: O Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) é o principal dado para quantificação da eficácia fotoprotetora de um filtro solar, sendo universalmente aceito. Seu método é baseado na determinação da Dose Eritematosa Mínima (DEM), definida como sendo a menor quantidade de energia necessária para o desencadeamento de eritema, em áreas de pele protegidas e não protegidas pelo produto em estudo. O valor do FPS é, então, calculado como a razão numérica entre a DEM da pele protegida e a da pele não protegida. A primeira publicação demonstrando um método para determinação do valor do FPS foi apresentada em 1978 pela agência norte-americana FDA, seguida por outras publicações do próprio FDA e de outras agências regulatórias internacionais. Apesar de ser considerado o método referência para quantificação da eficácia fotoprotetora de produtos tópicos, existem controvérsias na literatura acerca do método para determinação do FPS e sobre as implicações das reais condições de uso na proteção atingida na prática pelos usuários.

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“…114 In mice, compared with nonbroad-spectrum sunscreen, broad-spectrum sunscreen has been shown to be superior in protection against DNA damage and photocarcinogenesis, and in delaying tumor development. 101 Sunscreen was reported to prevent UV-induced development of skin cancer in mice by decreasing the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers; it can also prevent other UV-induced immunologic effects such as epidermal Langerhans call depletion, 115 and suppression of contact hypersensitivity and DTH. 1,24,[116][117][118][119] One study found that broadspectrum sunscreen could prevent UV inhibition of contact hypersensitivity to nickel in human beings.…”

Section: Sun Protection Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 A study in human beings showed that application of sunscreen with SPF 30 before UVB exposure could prevent the decrease in the number of Langerhans cells in the irradiated site, and attenuate the UVinduced suppression of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. 115 High-SPF sunscreen could prevent the suppression of contact hypersensitivity induced by UVB 24,115 and minimize the sunburn cell formation. 120 There is no evidence that sunscreen products with higher SPF and high concentrations of active ingredients would increase the risk of irritation or hypersensitivity.…”

Section: Sun Protection Factormentioning

confidence: 99%