A high throughput chemiluminescence method for determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters

Yao, Hong; Wu, Bin; Qu, Haibin; Cheng, Yiyu

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.046

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The low efficiency of this oxidizing step is responsible for the long digestion times required (ca. 120 min) (Boyles 1997;Sousa et al 2007;Su et al 2007;Berenguer 2009;Yao et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among the multiple parameters analyzed, the amount of oxygen available for respiration and oxidation processes is of paramount importance. The widely used chemical oxygen demand (COD) test yields the equivalent amount of oxygen required to oxidize the organic matter contained in a water sample (in mg O2/L), and it is applicable to continental waters, wastewaters, and any water containing appreciable amounts of organic matter (Zhang et al 2007;Domini et al 2009;Yao et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Replacing dichromate with hydrogen peroxide in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test

Carbajal-Palacios

Hernández

Ibáñez

et al. 2012

Water Science and Technology

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The widely used standard method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) involves hazardous chromium species, and its two-hour heating protocol entails a substantial amount of energy expenditure. In the present work we report a proof of concept for a major modification of this method in the range 10-800 mgCOD/L, whereby H2O2 is proposed as a replacement oxidizer. This modification not only reduces the use of unsafe chromium species but also allows for the use of milder conditions that decrease the total energy outlay. The results are comparable with those obtained either with the standard method or with a commercial Hach® kit.

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“…The low efficiency of this oxidizing step is responsible for the long digestion times required (ca. 120 min) (Boyles 1997;Sousa et al 2007;Su et al 2007;Berenguer 2009;Yao et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing dichromate with hydrogen peroxide in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test

Carbajal-Palacios

Hernández

Ibáñez

et al. 2012

Water Science and Technology

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“…Previous studies on COD have mostly focused on how to improve the measurement accuracy e.g. [1][2][3][4]10], but relatively few have looked at how to select an appropriate method for a particular salinity [11][12][13]. In the coastal zone, estuaries vary from brackish to fully saline, and due to the high concentrations of chloride and bromine (which can be oxidized by K 2 Cr 2 O 7 under acid conditions), the COD Cr values are elevated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides information about the readily oxidized fraction of the organic load or reduced compounds in waters, indicating the degree of water pollution [1]. COD therefore plays an important role in water pollution control and surface water management [2,3]. According to the species of oxidizing agents, COD can be divided into COD Cr and COD Mn , depending on whether potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) or potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) is used as the oxidizing agent in the process of COD analysis [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of salinity on COD measurements in coastal water management

Sheng

Shi

et al. 2015

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TChemical oxygen demand (COD) is an important parameter in water quality assessment. COD values by different determination methods were investigated in coastal rivers. The results show that there is no clear relationship between COD Cr and COD Mn in coastal areas. COD Cr does not reflect the degree of pollution of coastal waters. As salinity increased, COD Cr and acidic COD Mn increased significantly, but there was little/no change observed for alkaline COD Mn . Coastal zone water quality standards should be proposed to solve connection problems between marine quality standard and surface water quality standard.

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“…11 Potassium permanganate-glutaraldehyde chemi lumine scence is applied to determine the remaining permanganate after digestion to simplify the CODMn method. 12 An autoclaving sample at 120 C, as well as microwave digestion, was also applied to reduce the digestion time. 13,14 However, these methods can still not eliminate the use of toxic chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 3-Step Chemiluminescence Method for Chemical Oxygen Demand Measurement

et al. 2017

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Direct chemiluminescence emission from the reaction of acidic permanganate and organic compounds was employed for determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water (1-step CL COD). Due to the diversity of organic pollutants in water, there are no standards for COD measurements, and many compounds do not show any chemiluminescence signal in the 1-step CL COD method. As a result, this method shows a low correlation with the conventional CODMn method. In this study, a new 3-step CL COD method was developed to overcome these drawbacks. The basic principle of the 3-step CL COD method is based on the principle of "back titration" in the CODMn method: (i) the sample is treated with permanganate under heating, (ii) the excess permanganate is treated with pyrogallol, and (iii) the excess pyrogallol is measured by the chemiluminescence reaction with permanganate. The reagent concentration, sample volume, and heating temperature were optimized, and the 3-step CL COD method successfully obtained the signal from some samples that cannot be detected by 1-step CL COD method. The calibration graph is linear in the range of 0 -12.86 mg/L with a detection limit of 0.082 mg/L. This method is continuous, sensitive and low cost compared with the conventional method, and is applicable for on-site monitoring. The effect of the chloride ion was investigated, and showed an insignificant effect after two-times dilution of high-salinity samples. The correlation with the CODMn method for various organic compounds showed a good coefficient of determination, R 2 = 0.9773 (n = 16).

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A high throughput chemiluminescence method for determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters

Cited by 37 publications

References 29 publications

Replacing dichromate with hydrogen peroxide in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test

Replacing dichromate with hydrogen peroxide in the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test

Influence of salinity on COD measurements in coastal water management

A 3-Step Chemiluminescence Method for Chemical Oxygen Demand Measurement

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