A highly selective potentiometric amphetamine microsensor based on all-solid-state membrane using a new ion-pair complex, [3,3′-Co(1,2-closo-C2B9H11)2]− [C9H13NH]+

Micro- and nano-devices for electrochemical sensing

“…The experiments revealed that the position of the RE did not influence the measurement. Another work employing a micro-solid-state RE was published by Gallardo-Gonzalez et al, who developed an all-solid-state and highly selective amphetamine microsensor consisting of four ISEs of 0.64 mm 2 surface and two solid-state REs of 0.13 mm 2 surface [ 131 ]. The device showed a selective and Nernstian response with a slope of 60.1 mV/decade within the concentration range 10 −5 M to 10 −3 M amphetamine, with a LOD of 12 µM and a response time shorter than 10 s.

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Recent developments in electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in diverse matrices

“…After drying, the obtained membrane was punched and placed inside a commercial ISE. AMP was detected in water by Gallardo-Gonzalez et al (2018) using a highly selective microsensor based on [3,3'-Co(1,2-closo-C2B9H11)2] -[C9H13NH] + as an ion-pair complex. After incorporation of the ion-pair complex in a PVC membrane, it was drop-casted onto gold micro-electrodes modified with a solid conductive layer of polypyrrole.…”

Interpol review of controlled substances 2016–2019

“…Amphetamine : 2016 Determination of 1-phenyl-2-propanone (P2P) by HS-GC/MS in a material sold as “wet amphetamine” [ 9 ]; Amphetamine and derivatives in natural weight loss pills and dietary supplements by CE-MS/MS [ 10 ]; 2017 [ 11 ]; Accelerated quantification of amphetamine enantiomers using chiral liquid chromatography and on-line column-switching coupled with tandem mass spectrometry [ 12 ]; Identification of specific markers for amphetamine synthesized from the pre-precursor APAAN following the Leuckart route and retrospective search for APAAN markers in profiling databases from Germany and the Netherlands [ 13 ]; new approaches to gather information about the clandestine production of Amphetamine [ 14 ]; ‘APAAN in the neck’ - a reflection on some novel impurities found in seized materials containing amphetamine in Ireland during routine forensic analysis [ 15 ]; impurity profiling of the byproducts of the APAAN to P2P and AMS to P2P amphetamine synthesis to differentiate the synthesis route [ 16 ]; monitoring of the amphetamine-like substances in dietary supplements by LC-PDA and LC-MS/MS [ 17 ]; amphetamine and derivatives by DART- DMS [ 18 ]; investigation of the interaction of amphetamine with the pristine, B, Al, Ga (group IIIA), Si, and Ge (IIV group) doped C-60 fullerenes for use as sensors for amphetamine drug detection [ 19 ]; 2018 development of amphetamine-ion-selective microelectrodes using electrochemical polymerization and microfabrication technologies [ 20 ]; high-performance ion-selective microelectrode for the detection of amphetamine [ 21 ]; characterization of aqueous waste produced during the clandestine production of amphetamine by SPE GC-MS following the spectrometry and CE with contactless conductivity detection [ 22 ]; adsorption of amphetamine on BC3 nanosheet and nanotube for drug detection [ 23 ]; identification of specific markers for amphetamine synthesized from the pre-precursor APAAN following the Leuckart route and retrospective search for APAAN markers in profiling databases from Germany and the Netherlands using mass spectra, high resolution MS and NMR data [ 24 ]; impact of different storage conditions on the stability of amphetamine impurity profiles [ 25 ]; 2019 resin for enantio-selective extraction of R-amphetamine [ 26 ].…”