A highly sensitive and ultra-low-power wake-up receiver for energy-autonomous embedded systems

Woias, Peter; Heller, Sherman; Pelz, Uwe

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1052/1/012024

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Additionally, refs. [35][36][37] used technologies that are integrated or off-the-shelf designs, which are limited to possessing low sensitivity levels [38][39][40][41], which does not provide a good communication range. The present work provides the optimum trade-off between power consumption and gain among the other WuRx architectures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Low Noise Amplifier Operating at 868 MHz for Duty Cycled Wake-Up Receiver Front-End

Ketata

Ouerghemmi²,

Fakhfakh³

et al. 2022

Electronics

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The integration of wireless communication, e.g., in real- or quasi-real-time applications, is related to many challenges such as energy consumption, communication range, quality of service, and reliability. The improvement of wireless sensor networks (WSN) performance starts by enhancing the capabilities of each sensor node. To minimize latencies without increasing energy consumption, wake-up receiver (WuRx) nodes have been introduced in recent works since they can be always-on or power-gated with short latencies by a power consumption in the range of some microwatts. Compared to standard receiver technologies, they are usually characterized by drawbacks in terms of sensitivity. To overcome the limitation of the sensitivity of WuRxs, a design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) with several design specifications is required. The challenging task of the LNA design is to provide equitable trade-off performances such as gain, power consumption, the noise figure, stability, linearity, and impedance matching. The design of fast settling LNA for a duty-cycled WuRx front-end operating at a 868 MHz frequency band is investigated in this work. The paper details the trade-offs between design challenges and illustrates practical considerations for the simulation and implementation of a radio frequency (RF) circuit. The implemented LNA competes with many commercialized designs where it reaches single-stage 12 dB gain at a 1.8 V voltage supply and consumes only a 1.6 mA current. The obtained results could be made tunable by working with off-the-shelf components for different wake-up based application exigencies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of Low Noise Amplifier Operating at 868 MHz for Duty Cycled Wake-Up Receiver Front-End

Ketata

Ouerghemmi²,

Fakhfakh³

et al. 2022

Electronics

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show abstract

“…On the other hand, in [ 32 , 33 ], the research study shows a WuRx circuit with LF-amplifier made from two high-gain BJTs. The results provide high sensitivity with an input power of

to supply a WuRx with a power of

and

.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical and Experimental Performance Analysis of Enhanced Wake-Up Receivers Based on Low-Power Base-Band Amplifiers

Schott

Fromm

Bouattour

et al. 2022

Sensors

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With the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in several sectors, wireless, reliable, and energy-saving communication in distributed sensor networks are more important than ever. Thereby, wake-up technologies are becoming increasingly important as they significantly contribute to reducing the energy consumption of wireless sensor nodes. In an indoor environment, the use of wireless sensors, in general, is more challenging due to signal fading and reflections and needs, therefore, to be critically investigated. This paper discusses the performance analysis of wake-up receiver (WuRx) architectures based on two low frequency (LF) amplifier approaches with regard to sensitivity, power consumption, and package error rate (PER). Factors that affect systems were compared and analyzed by analytical modeling, simulation results, and experimental studies with both architectures. The developed WuRx operates in the 868 MHz band using on-off-keying (OOK) signals while supporting address detection to wake up only the targeted network node. By using an indoor setup, the signal strength and PER of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) in different rooms and distances were determined to build a wireless sensor network. The results show a wake-up packets (WuPts) detection probability of about 90% for an interior distance of up to 34 m.

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“…Ref. [28] presents an interesting optimized envelope detector for amplitude-modulated (AM) signal at 315 MHz. It uses an interesting technique of frequency shifting using passive components for reducing power consumption, but cannot implements AI detection rules.…”

Section: Keys To Ultra-low Power Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 30 μW Embedded Real-Time Cetacean Smart Detector

et al. 2021

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Cetacean monitoring is key to their protection. Understanding their behavior relies on multi-channel and high-sampling-rate underwater acoustic recordings for identifying and tracking them in a passive way. However, a lot of energy and data storage is required, requiring frequent human maintenance operations. To cope with these constraints, an ultra-low power mixed-signal always-on wake-up is proposed. Based on pulse-pattern analysis, it can be used for triggering a multi-channel high-performance recorder only when cetacean clicks are detected, thus increasing autonomy and saving storage space. This detector is implemented as a mixed architecture making the most of analog and digital primitives: this combination drastically improves power consumption by processing high-frequency data using analog features and lower-frequency ones in a digital way. Furthermore, a bioacoustic expert system is proposed for improving detection accuracy (in ultra-low-power) via state machines. Power consumption of the system is lower than 30 μW in always-on mode, allowing an autonomy of 2 years on a single CR2032 battery cell with a high detection accuracy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained has an area under curve of 85% using expert rules and 75% without it. This implementation provides an excellent trade-off between detection accuracy and power consumption. Focused on sperm whales, it can be tuned to detect other species emitting pulse trains. This approach facilitates biodiversity studies, reducing maintenance operations and allowing the use of lighter, more compact and portable recording equipment, as large batteries are no longer required. Additionally, recording only useful data helps to reduce the dataset labeling time.

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A highly sensitive and ultra-low-power wake-up receiver for energy-autonomous embedded systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Design and Implementation of Low Noise Amplifier Operating at 868 MHz for Duty Cycled Wake-Up Receiver Front-End

Design and Implementation of Low Noise Amplifier Operating at 868 MHz for Duty Cycled Wake-Up Receiver Front-End

Analytical and Experimental Performance Analysis of Enhanced Wake-Up Receivers Based on Low-Power Base-Band Amplifiers

A 30 μW Embedded Real-Time Cetacean Smart Detector

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