A highly sensitive CE‐chemiluminescence method for the determination of sympathomimetic drugs in urine samples by a facile precolumn derivatization using acridinium ester

Abstract

As one of the most sensitive detection mode for CE, chemiluminescence (CL) detection is less developed compared to some other detection modes such as MS and LIF, despite its low equipment cost and simple design. The fact is partly due to the limitation of CL systems suitable for CE. In this paper, a highly sensitive CE-CL strategy was established for the determination of dopamine (DA) and cimbuterol (CM) using acridinium ester as derivatization reagent. Catalyst was not required in this CL detection system. Also, a good sensitivity was obtained due to its quite low background and strong signal. Under the optimal conditions, the presented method has been successfully applied to analyze DA and CM with LODs (S/N = 3) of 2.0 and 0.50 ng/mL, respectively. The linear ranges were 5.0–1500 ng/mL and 2.0–1000 ng/mL for DA and CM, respectively. To validate our method, the levels of DA in human urine samples were detected by this method, and the results showed acceptable accordance with those of ELISA. All the analysis procedure could be completed in 400 s, and the results showed satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity.The approach could also be further extended to rapid analysis of many other compounds including primary and second amines in clinical medicine and biopharmaceutical analysis using acridinium ester as CL derivatization reagent.

Recent advances in CE and microchip‐CE in clinical applications: 2014 to mid‐2017

“…Wang et al. employed CE‐CL using acridinium as the derivatizing agent for the determination of dopamine and cimbuterol in urine samples. One of the interesting areas of drug analysis employing CE‐MS is the analysis of human hair.…”

Derivatisation for separation and detection in capillary electrophoresis (2012–2015)

“…Wang et al. determined two sympathomimetic drugs in human urine . Dopamine and cimbuterol were labelled (pre‐capillary) with an acridinium ester which allowed very low nanograms per millilitre detection and a linear range of two to three orders.…”

“…This is the traditional derivatisation method which has been the most popular with 2/3 of all articles in this review . Pre‐capillary labelling offers advantages in terms of chemical freedom and handling of the reagent and analytes.…”

“…Derivatisation in CE is used to improve or enable detection by LIF, UV, chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), amperometric detection (AD), MS or contactless conductivity detection (C4D). During this review period, there were papers 18 on LIF (and LIF combined with other detectors) [, , ], 18 on UV (and UV combined with other detectors) [, , ], two on CL , one on ECL , two on AD , three on MS (and MS combined with other detectors) and two on C4D .…”

Recent advances in chemiluminescence detection coupled with capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis

“…Fu and coworkers established a highly sensitive CE–CL strategy for the determination of dopamine and cimbuterol using acridinium ester as derivatization reagent, without any catalyst. Under the optimal conditions, the LODs of dopamine and cimbuterol were 2.0 and 0.50 ng/mL, respectively.…”