A histologic study of sublingual varices

GLUT‐1 in oral benign vascular lesions

“…Vascular diseases were subdivided into (1) tumors: hemangioma (HEM), pyogenic granuloma (PG), rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH), noninvoluting congenital hemangioma (NICH), hemangiopericytoma, tufted angioma and kaposiform hemangioendothelioma; and (2) vascular malformation (VM) (Enjolras and Mulliken, 1997). HEM, VM, PG and varix (VAR) are benign lesions with a vascular component and are common in the head and neck regions (Southam and Ettinger, 1974; Finn et al , 1983; Epivatianos et al , 2005). HEM, VM and PG have distinct clinical evolution; however, histological similarities may be found as well (North et al , 2000; Leon‐Villapalos et al , 2005).…”

“…Varix is an acquired benign lesion which is related to alteration of the supportive tissue of the vessel or consequence of an alteration of blood flow, and it is constituted by an extensive and tortuous abnormal vein (Southam and Ettinger, 1974). VAR is characterized as a red to purple papule or nodule, commonly found on the tongue, lip or cheek, mainly in the seventh decade of life (Neville et al , 2002).…”

Oral varix: a review

“…Southman and Ettinger proposed a hemodynamic mechanism for OV development, indicating that an increased arteriovenous blood flow could transmit arterial pressures – much more higher than venous – to the venous part of the circulation, with vein dilatation and secondary morphologic changes in their walls. The negative staining of oral varix to GLUT‐1 is coherent with the hypothesis that this lesions result from structural alterations.…”

“…A major conundrum in ageing research is attempting to distinguish between gradual effects of disease states versus true effects of ageing free of pathologic changes 57 . However, there is a broad consensus in the high incidence of oral varicose lesions on elder people 3,9,12,[14][15][16][17][18]20,[22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31]34,[36][37][38]41,44,46,48,[58][59][60][61] . Percentages given by various authors go between 16.2 and 80% (see Table 2).…”

“…Although oesophageal varices are common manifestations of advanced chronic liver disease causing PH 69,72,73 , only a few cases of tongue varices in relation with PH have been reported 70,71,74 , and some authors denied this theory 23,25 . Southman and Ettinger 24 proposed a hemodynamic mechanism for OV development, indicating that an increased arteriovenous blood flow could transmit arterial pressuresmuch more higher than venousto the venous part of the circulation, with vein dilatation and secondary morphologic changes in their walls. The negative staining of oral varix to GLUT-1 is coherent with the hypothesis that this lesions result from structural alterations 10 .…”