A histological surprise: a rare case of myoepithelial tumour of the scrotum and review of literature

Abstract

A lump in the scrotum is a common presentation in most surgical clinics. However, myoepithelial tumours may not be up on the list of differentials. Although they may look benign, myoepithelial tumours are rare and have malignant potential. Treatment of these tumours involved total excision and adequate follow-up in cases of malignancy. These groups of tumours have not been reported in the scrotum in the past, but their occurrence in the vagina may not come as a surprise bearing in mind the embryonic origin of both organs.

Myoepithelial carcinoma of the bladder: Case report and review of the literature

“…Urological sites of origin are extremely rare, but MC has been reported in the scrotum and bladder. 1 , 2 , 3 In our case, MC was diagnosed by appropriate morphology in context of expression of epithelial, neural, and smooth muscle markers, consistent with established diagnostic criteria. In this context, focal necrosis, vascular invasion, and prominent nucleoli additionally indicated malignancy.…”

“…MC is generally a low-grade malignant tumor with 23–50% local recurrence, so routine follow-up is required. 1 Rarely, this neoplasm may spread via lymph nodes or hematogenous metastasis. After initial excision of the tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been reported with mixed results.…”

“…Neoplasms arise from transformation of these cells in organs where they normally reside; however, rare de novo tumors have been described arising in other organs. 1 , 2 , 3 Histopathologic features can be variable due to morphologic diversity, involving spindle, plasmacytoid, epithelioid, or clear cell types with one cell type usually predominating. To confirm these diverse lesions are true myoepithelial neoplasms, immunohistochemistry is performed to show expression of cytokeratins and one or more markers for S-100 protein, calponin, p63, GFAP, maspin, and actin.…”

Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder in a Pediatric Patient. A Case Report

“…The closest reported location to the urogenital apparatus for a myoepithelial tumor was in the scrotum in an older adult patient. 10 Histopathological markers found: Vimentin +, CK: + (in patches), Actin HHF35: + (in some groups of tumor cells), CD99: +, EMA: + (in a cell subpopulation), CD34: + (in isolated cells tumor), Ki67%: 50-60%. According to previous studies, the 2 main markers of this pathological variant are vimentin (100%) and CK (74%), the EMA (21%-27%).…”