A historical and systematic overview of <i>Ascaris</i> vaccine development

Gazzinelli-Guimarães, Ana Clara; Gazzinelli-Guimarães, Pedro Henrique

doi:10.1017/s0031182021001347

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…This has undoubtedly hindered research into what is regarded by some as the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases (Hotez, 2013). However, it is clear that this phase of infection is likely to be crucial in the manifestation of susceptibility and resistance and successful adult worm establishment (Nogueira et al ., 2016) and this is one of the reasons why mice serve as a useful model for the assessment of vaccine candidates (see Gazzinelli-Guimaraes et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Gazzinelli-Guimaraes et al . (2021) describe the mouse model as the primary in vivo animal system for the evaluation of vaccine candidates for A. lumbricoides and provide a detailed historical perspective on the studies performed from 1957 to 2021.…”

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A historical perspective by Gazzinelli-Guimaraes et al . (2021) highlights the challenges associated with the development of a vaccine against a complex helminth infection like Ascaris that produces resistant eggs into the environment, promotes rapid re-infection and has the potential to induce anthelmintic resistance. This is despite the clear imperative to identify immunogenic Ascaris antigens that can enhance larval killing and/or larval expulsion, in order to prevent maturation and the successful establishment of adult worms that induce both chronic and acute ascariasis.…”

Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse: common themes and unique features

Holland

Else

2021

Parasitology

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Ascaris lumbricoides, the roundworm, and Trichuris trichiura, the whipworm, are human intestinal nematode parasites; both are soil-transmitted helminths, are often placed together in an epidemiological context and both remain neglected despite high prevalence. Our understanding of parasitic disease continues to be enhanced through animal models. Despite the similarities between whipworm and roundworm, there are key differences between the two species and these have influenced the application of their respective animal models. In the case of T. trichiura, the fact that a murine equivalent, T. muris completes its life cycle in a mouse model has greatly enhanced our knowledge of whipworm biology, pathogenicity and immunology. In contrast, A. lumbricoides and its porcine equivalent, Ascaris suum, lack a rodent model in which the life cycle is completed. However, evidence continues to accumulate demonstrating that mice represent useful models of early Ascaris infection, a key stage of the life cycle. The use of mouse models for both Ascaris and Trichuris has a long history with early pioneers discovering fundamental aspects of each parasite's biology. Novel technologies and perspectives, as outlined in this special issue, demonstrate how through the prism of mouse models, we can continue to explore the similarities and differences between roundworms and whipworms.

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Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse: common themes and unique features

Holland

Else

2021

Parasitology

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“…Although considerable efforts have attempted to develop vaccines against helminths [24][25][26], no commercial vaccines are in current use against STHs of humans (e.g. [27,28]), whilst only two vaccines are available for use against GI helminths of livestock, namely, Barbervax ® and Wirevax ® (Wormvax Australia Pty Ltd.) against H. contortus (with short-term protection) in Australia and South Africa, and one vaccine for use against a non-GI helminth, namely, Providean Hidatil EG 95 ® (Tecnovax) against cystic hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus in South America [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worms and bugs of the gut: the search for diagnostic signatures using barcoding, and metagenomics–metabolomics

et al. 2022

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Gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infections cause significant morbidity in both humans and animals worldwide. Specific and sensitive diagnosis is central to the surveillance of such infections and to determine the effectiveness of treatment strategies used to control them. In this article, we: (i) assess the strengths and limitations of existing methods applied to the diagnosis of GI helminth infections of humans and livestock; (ii) examine high-throughput sequencing approaches, such as targeted molecular barcoding and shotgun sequencing, as tools to define the taxonomic composition of helminth infections; and (iii) discuss the current understanding of the interactions between helminths and microbiota in the host gut. Stool-based diagnostics are likely to serve as an important tool well into the future; improved diagnostics of helminths and their environment in the gut may assist the identification of biomarkers with the potential to define the health/disease status of individuals and populations, and to identify existing or emerging anthelmintic resistance. Graphical Abstract

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“…, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ascariasis: An Updated Review DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109147for human clinical trial. Advancement in recombinant protein technology may provide the first step in generating an ascaris vaccine as well as pan-helminthic vaccine[26]. d. Surgery: In sub acute intestinal obstruction, conservative treatment in the form of IV fluid, NG suction and hypertonic saline enema is recommended.Hypertonic saline enema disimpact the roundworm bolus and stimulates intestinal peristalsis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ascariasis: An Updated Review

Mukhopadhyay¹

2023

Roundworms - A Survey From Past to Present

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Ascaris lumbricoides (Round Worm) is the most common human helminth with a world wide distribution. Incidence of ascariasis remain very high in the tropical and sub tropical countries with poor sanitation, personal hygiene, and rural areas where defaecation in open place is still a common practice. Ascariasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Infections have no symptoms in more than 85 percent of cases specially if the number of cases are small. Pathogenecity and clinical features are either due to migrating larvae or due to adult worms. Larval migration may lead to allergic reactions, ascaris pneumonia. Adult worms are often responsible for nutritional deficiencies, toxic effects due to hypersensitivity &mechanical effects leading to intestinal obstruction. Ectopic ascariasis can lead to acute biliary obstruction, cholangitis, acute pancreatitis, acute obstructive appendicitis and peritonitis due to perforation of an intestinal ulcer or break down of a post operative suture line. Medical therapy with Albendazole is the first line drug ascariasis can be eliminated by preventing faecal contamination of soil. Advancement in recombinant protein technology may provide first step in discovery of Ascaris vaccine as well as pan helminthic Vaccine. This chapter is a updated review of ascariasis.

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A historical and systematic overview of Ascaris vaccine development

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse: common themes and unique features

Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse: common themes and unique features

Worms and bugs of the gut: the search for diagnostic signatures using barcoding, and metagenomics–metabolomics

Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment of Ascariasis: An Updated Review

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