A hollow cathode discharge modification as a source of sputtered atoms and their ions

Zhechev, D.; Zhemenik, V. I.; Tileva, S.; Mishinsky, G. V.; Pyrvanova, N.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(02)01996-1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Electrons trapped in the hollow cathode were accelerated toward the anode, leading to efficient electronic excitation and ionization. The HCD plasma source has been applied in analytical and material science . The most successful application of HCD in mass spectrometry (MS) is the proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) technique originally developed by Lindinger et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of explosives using a hollow cathode discharge ion source

Habib

Chen

Usmanov

et al. 2015

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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Because the major NOx(-) ions (x = 2, 3) produced in the plasma act as reagent ions in ion-molecule reactions of explosives, air is best suited as a carrier gas for the detection of explosives. It is proposed that the NOx(-) (x = 2, 3) and O3 contributed to the formation of [TNT-H](-) and [TNT-NO](-) ions, via the reactions NOx(-) + TNT → [TNT-H](-) + HNOx and [TNT](-) + O3 → [TNT-NO](-) + NO2 + O2.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of explosives using a hollow cathode discharge ion source

Habib

Chen

Usmanov

et al. 2015

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Many attempts have been made to understand the processes occurring in the HCD since Friedrich Paschen's pioneering work in 1916 [29][30][31][32][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. Despite the fact that the hollow cathode effect and conventional glow discharge (GD) are two distinct electrical processes, some of their properties were assumed to be the same.…”

Section: Hcd Versus Conventional Gdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow cathode discharge ionization mass spectrometry: detection, quantification and gas phase ion-molecule reactions of explosives and related compounds

Hong

Habib

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an essential analytical method in every sector of science and technology. Because of its unique ability to provide direct molecular structure information on analytes, an extra method is rarely required. This review describes fabrication of a variable-pressure hollow cathode discharge (HCD) ion source for MS in detection, quantification and investigation of gas-phase ion molecule reactions of explosives and related compounds using air as a carrier gas. The HCD ion source has been designed in such a way that by altering the ion source pressures, the system can generate both HCD and conventional GD. This design enables for the selective detection and quantification of explosives at trace to ultra-trace levels. The pressure-dependent HCD ion source has also been used to investigate ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase of explosives and related compounds. The mechanism of ion formation in explosive reactions is also discussed.

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“…Hollow cathodes are used in a wide variety of applications: as efficient light sources [23], as sources of electrons [207][208][209][210][211][212][213] to generate excited species for elemental analysis [1,152,183,214], as ion sources [3,199,[215][216][217][218][219], for nitriding [220][221][222][223], space propulsion [224][225][226], vacuum welding [227], basic plasma research [228,229], cluster formation [230] and plasma-activated pre-treatment and coating processes [231][232][233] among others.…”

Section: Use Of Hollow Cathodes In the Synthesis Of Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%