A human challenge model for dengue infection reveals a possible protective role for sustained interferon gamma levels during the acute phase of illness

Variation in Inflammatory/Regulatory Cytokines in Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Challenges with Dengue Virus

“…[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] As our results suggest, DENV-2 seems to be more immunogenic than the other serotypes, and generates a stronger pro-inflammatory immunologic response, which is necessary to control viral infection. Much of the antiviral potential of effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune system (natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells) is caused by production of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α at the site of the infection.…”

“…30 Recently, a human challenge model for dengue infection showed a possible protective role for sustained IFN-γ levels during the acute phase of illness. 31 Significantly higher gene expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ in response to DENV-2 and DENV-3 heterologous challenge in DENV-1 primary immune cases was found, and the highest response was to DENV-2 Although DENV-1/DENV-2 and DENV-1/DENV-3 sequences of dengue infection were associated with severe illness during the 1981 (DENV-2) and 2001 (DENV-3) epidemics, respectively, greater severity was observed during the 1981 epidemic. Previous studies demonstrated that in 1981, 98% of DHF cases occurred during a secondary DENV-1/DENV-2 infection while in 2001, 73% of DHF cases occurred during a secondary DENV-1/DENV-3 infection.…”

“…[67][68][69] Regulatory activities of the cytokines are probably crucial in controlling the inflammatory response during dengue disease, which is necessary for control of viral infection, and the balance among inflammatory/regulatory mediators could be related to recovery of most patients with a dengue secondary infection. 9,31,70,71 The IL-10 response of persons with a bivalent infection history showed higher expression in response to the third challenge with the three serotypes. This finding could be explained by the bivalent immunity, which confers wider memory protective immunity associated with IL-10, which in addition to its regulatory role of anti-inflammatory response, can perform other functions, such as leukocyte recruitment, particularly cytotoxic T-cells.…”

Infección por virus del Zika en el embarazo, impacto fetal y neonatal

“…Los receptores AXL son expresados por los fibroblastos cutá-neos, los queratinocitos epidermicos, los macrófagos, las Infectología al Día células del endotelio vascular; mientras que los receptores Tyro 3 son expresados por las neuronas del SNC 37,38 . La activación de los receptores TAM, junto con la respuesta del interferon β (INF-β), reducen la permeabilidad de la BHE, contribuyendo al buen funcionamiento de ésta 39,40 e impidiendo la entrada del virus al SNC. En infecciones por flavivirus se ha observado, una regulación negativa de los receptores TAM, en especial de los AXL 38,39 ; esto produce una disminución de la integridad de la BHE en su capa basal, pérdida de la unión de células endoteliales de la microvasculatura cerebral, permitiendo la entrada y replicación del virus al SNC 38 .…”

“Current Dengue Vaccine Status”

“…It is anticipated that efficacy studies will further elucidate the role of neutralizing antibodies and what constitutes a human immuno-protection profile. Cell-mediated immunity's role in immuno-protective and pathogenic immune responses is also under exploration [23][24][25]. It is likely that a single correlate of protection can be defined for all DENV serotypes, but surrogates (i.e.…”