A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of rare earth elements from fluorescent lamp waste fractions

Tunsu, Cristian; Petraniková, Martina; Ekberg, Christian; Retegan, Teodora

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.048

Cited by 142 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, the solution of the metal ions is colourful which enables a possibility to analyse it with the spectrophotometric method uv-vis. the solutions were prepared by dissolving 2.7 g HoCl 3 (sigma aldrich) with addition of 2 cm 3 HCl 35-38 % analytical purity (PocH s.a.) and supplementing with distilled water to the volume of 10 cm 3 . The pH value of the obtained solution was 1, and subsequent solutions were obtained by dilution to the desired concentration of Ho 3+ ions so the ratio of the amount of Ho 3+ ions to Cl -was always the same.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Kołczyk¹,

Wojnicki²,

Kutyła³

et al. 2016

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The rare earths elements (REE) belong to the group of critical metals and they are achieving more and more interest due to their special properties. However, there occur some problems connected with their production. The most difficult phase is separation of REE. It includes a necessity to intensify currently applied processes and looking for new solutions. The present work introduces an idea to use differences in physical properties of the REE ions to get them separated. In the experimental part of the work some efforts were undertaken to analyse results presenting changes of holmium ions concentration under an influence of the magnetic field gradient. There was determined the gradient of magnetic field and concentration of Ho3+ ions depending on initial concentration of the solution and time. A simulation of changing the concentration of holmium ions in the solution under an influence of the magnetic field gradient was performed to compare the mathematical model with the obtained results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Kołczyk¹,

Wojnicki²,

Kutyła³

et al. 2016

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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“…However, the REE deposits are accompanied by a diverse variety of minerals, which makes the extraction of REEs challenging and expensive . In recent years, since the rapid consumption of high‐grade REE resources, the recovery of REEs from the RE‐bearing secondary resources and the application in ceramics have attracted great interest …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 In recent years, since the rapid consumption of high-grade REE resources, the recovery of REEs from the RE-bearing secondary resources and the application in ceramics have attracted great interest. [8][9][10] As the world's largest RE deposit, the Bayan Obo ore in Inner Mongolia (China) is primarily applied for iron-making process, and the REEs in which are converted into the RE-bearing slags in the industrial production. 11 At present, hydrometallurgical technology has been the primary approach for the recovery of REEs from such RE-bearing slags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas Ding 16 regarded the britholite (Ca 3 Ce 2 [(Si,P)O 4 ] 3 F) as the RE phase in the REbearing slag during the carbon reduction and melting process of Bayan Obo ore. While Xu 17 considered the RE phase as an oxygen-rich and fluorine-rich orthosilicate namely the cerium fluorosilicate (7[(Ca,Ce) 2 SiO 4 ](F,O) 10 ), through investigating the microscopic morphology and chemical compositions of Bayan Obo RE-bearing slag. Therefore, it is necessary to study the isothermal phase equilibria of RE-bearing systems, such as the CaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 , for example, Yan's research about the experimental study on the isothermal phase diagram of the CaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 system at 1600°C, 18 CaO-SiO 2 -CaF 2 -Ce 2 O 3 , and CaO-SiO 2 -CaF 2 -P 2 O 5 -Ce 2 O 3 systems, and supplement the accurate thermodynamic data of REEs for the RE-bearing slags in industrial production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of REEs in CaO–SiO₂–Ce₂O₃ system

Lan

Gao

et al. 2019

J Am Ceram Soc

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Rare earth elements (REEs) have become increasingly important as ceramic materials. The RE-bearing slags contain massive REEs resources, whereas the lack of thermodynamic and kinetic data of REEs has brought great difficulties to efficient recovery of REEs from RE-bearing slags and the application in ceramics. According to the compositions of the RE-bearing slags in industrial production, the isothermal phase equilibria of CaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 system at 1500°C and 1300°C were constructed by means of liquid-quenching method combined with a series of analyses, which provides the thermodynamic data for the equilibria of REEs. On this basis, the crystallization behaviors of the RE phase (Ce 9.33−x Ca x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2−0.5x ) was investigated, and the temperature range in which the RE phase crystallized singly in RE-bearing slags with a selected compositions was acquired. CCT and TTT diagrams for CaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 system were established to characterize the crystallization kinetics of the RE phase, and the favorable conditions for its crystallization and growth in RE-bearing slags were determined. In this study, the complete thermodynamic and kinetic basic data of REEs in CaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 system are provided for RE-bearing slags. K E Y W O R D SCaO-SiO 2 -Ce 2 O 3 system, Ce 9.33−x Ca x (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2−0.5x , crystallization behaviors, crystallization kinetics, isothermal phase equilibria 2846 | LAN et AL.

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“…In response to potential and actual shortages or high costs of specific REEs, there is a search for new traditional deposits, as well as for exploitation of non-conventional deposits, and efforts at recycling [16] [17] [18] [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microprobe Mapping of Rare Earth Element Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

Pingitore¹,

Piranian²,

Negron³

et al. 2018

AMPC

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The electron microprobe maps the spatial distribution of elements in a rock at a sub-mineral-grain scale to provide a basis for understanding mineralization processes and to determine optimal strategies for extraction of valuable target elements. Round Top Mountain (near the town of Sierra Blanca, Hudspeth County, west Texas, USA) is a peraluminous rhyolite laccolith that is homogeneously mineralized at over 500 ppm rare earths, more than 70% of which are yttrium and heavy rare earths (YHREEs). The massive deposit is exposed at the surface as a mountain some 2 km in diameter and 375 m in height. Round Top Mountain also contains Li, Be, U, Th, Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb, Cs, Sn, and F. The valuable YHREEs are hosted in yttrofluorite, which is soluble in dilute sulfuric acid. Texas Mineral Resources Corporation proposes to surface mine, crush, and heap leach the deposit. The distribution of YHREEs, and that of other trace elements, is remarkably homogeneous at outcrop drill hole scale. Here we document that YHREE mineralization appears pervasive through the rhyolite at a millimeter scale. Back scattered electron (BSE) and characteristic X-ray maps reveal the fine grain size and apparently random and dispersed spatial distribution of the yttrofluorite that hosts Round Top's valuable YHREEs. The yttrofluorite grains do not appear to cluster at special mineralized locations, e.g., in pores or along cracks in the rhyolite. The same is apparently true of such other potentially valuable minerals as cassiterite and uranium species. These findings confirm that the distribution of YHREEs in Round Top Mountain rhyolite is homogeneous through different orders of magnitude of scale, i.e., from outcrop (as seen in the companion work in this volume) to sub-thin section. The material thus is ideal for a heap leach operation where homogeneous feedstock is crucial to consistent and economic operation. The findings also confirm and explain why mechanical separation would prove very difficult and expensive due to the astronomical number of yttrofluorite grains in even a golf-ball-size piece of Round Top rhyolite.How to cite this paper: Pingitore

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A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of rare earth elements from fluorescent lamp waste fractions

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of REEs in CaO–SiO₂–Ce₂O₃ system

Microprobe Mapping of Rare Earth Element Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

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A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of rare earth elements from fluorescent lamp waste fractions

Cited by 142 publications

References 33 publications

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Separation of Ho3+ in Static Magnetic Field

Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of REEs in CaO–SiO2–Ce2O3 system

Microprobe Mapping of Rare Earth Element Distribution in Round Top Yttrofluorite Deposit

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Thermodynamics and crystallization kinetics of REEs in CaO–SiO₂–Ce₂O₃ system