“…Salmonella Typhimurium ( ST ) stands as a great potential threat to the poultry industry due to it harboring multidrug resistance ( Sun et al, 2020 ). Moreover, Salmonella as a pathogen is characterized by vertical transmission ( Liu et al, 2022 ) and high mortality ( Mshelbwala et al, 2017 ), and decreases egg production ( Molenaar et al, 2024 ). Therefore, it is essential to better understand Salmonella infection in chickens so as to more effectively prevent and control flock infections.…”