A JPEG blocking artifact detector for image forensics

Bhardwaj, Dinesh; Pankajakshan, Vinod

doi:10.1016/j.image.2018.07.011

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Due to a one-dimensional filtering approach, the in-loop processing method enhances the coding efficiency by reducing blocking artifacts amongst adjoining pixels or frames but is unable to process corner outliers. To alleviate blocking artifacts different post-processing approaches such as frequency domain analysis , Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) [9][10][11][12][13], waveletbased techniques [8,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], estimation theory [5,[9][10][11][12][13], and filtering approach [11][12][13][14][15] has been proposed in last few decades. The most common method is to apply a low-pass filter across block boundaries to remove artifacts.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, corner outliers, detection, and removal have been proposed by [15,25]. During compression, the corner outlier pixels are either considerable value or very small value pixels concerning surrounding pixels [8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Later on, Wang J. et al [37] presented an adaptive filter-based technique for compressed images of different regions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An efficient post-processing adaptive filtering technique to rectifying the flickering effects

et al. 2021

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Compression at a very low bit rate(≤0.5bpp) causes degradation in video frames with standard decoding algorithms like H.261, H.262, H.264, and MPEG-1 and MPEG-4, which itself produces lots of artifacts. This paper focuses on an efficient pre-and post-processing technique (PP-AFT) to address and rectify the problems of quantization error, ringing, blocking artifact, and flickering effect, which significantly degrade the visual quality of video frames. The PP-AFT method differentiates the blocked images or frames using activity function into different regions and developed adaptive filters as per the classified region. The designed process also introduces an adaptive flicker extraction and removal method and a 2-D filter to remove ringing effects in edge regions. The PP-AFT technique is implemented on various videos, and results are compared with different existing techniques using performance metrics like PSNR-B, MSSIM, and GBIM. Simulation results show significant improvement in the subjective quality of different video frames. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art de-blocking methods in terms of PSNR-B with average value lying between (0.7–1.9db) while (35.83–47.7%) reduced average GBIM keeping MSSIM values very close to the original sequence statistically 0.978.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient post-processing adaptive filtering technique to rectifying the flickering effects

et al. 2021

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“…Bhardwaj and Pankajakshan [131] proposed AAFT for JPEG images by exploiting the inter-block correlation in DCT coefficients. The results showed this technique is effective for images manipulated with aligned and non-aligned JPEG AFTs.…”

Section: Aafts For Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliography of digital image anti‐forensics and anti‐anti‐forensics techniques

Qureshi

El-Alfy

2019

IET Image Processing

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“…In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have proposed many algorithms to eliminate the block effect [33]- [38], but these algorithms in the block effect is used to eliminate the blurred image at the same time be tampering with the evidence, so the algorithm of image block effect to eliminate only able to increase the quality of compressed image, JPEG tampering with the harsh conditions of image blind forensics has not improved. Literature [39] first proposed a fast and effective method to detect JPEG block effect, that is, if there is no compression, the difference between adjacent pixels intersecting the block boundary should be similar to the difference between adjacent pixels within the block, but the difference between adjacent pixels intersecting the block boundary will be different after JPEG compression.…”

Section: Algorithm Based On Jepg Image Block Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Blind Forensics Techniques for JPEG Image Tampering

Chu¹,

Li²

2019

JCC

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Blind forensics of JPEG image tampering as a kind of digital image blind forensics technology is gradually becoming a new research hotspot in the field of image security. Firstly, the main achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in the blind forensic technology of JPEG image tampering were briefly described. Then, according to the different methods of tampering and detection, the current detection was divided into two types: double JPEG compression detection and block effect inconsistency detection. This paper summarized the existing methods of JPEG image blind forensics detection, and analyzed the two methods. Finally, the existing problems and future research trends were analyzed and prospected to provide further theoretical support for the research of JPEG image blind forensics technology.

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A JPEG blocking artifact detector for image forensics

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

An efficient post-processing adaptive filtering technique to rectifying the flickering effects

An efficient post-processing adaptive filtering technique to rectifying the flickering effects

Bibliography of digital image anti‐forensics and anti‐anti‐forensics techniques

A Survey of Blind Forensics Techniques for JPEG Image Tampering

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